1. HOW PERCEPTIONS OF SUCCESS AND GOALS MEDIATE MOTIVATION
Damon Burton
University of Idaho

2. What is success? AND How do we define it?

3. IS SUCCESS SUBJECTIVE OR OBJECTIVE?
What is objective success?
How does it differ from subjective success?
Give me an example of objective success.
Provide an example of subjective success.

4. OBJECTIVE VERSUS SUBJECTIVE SUCCESS
Objective Success – winning or placing high in a race.
Subjective Success – reaching a valued goal such as playing slightly beyond your current performance capabilities (CPC).
Which type of success is more feasible and controllable?

5. MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980)
Success and failure are not objective events BUT subjective perceptions of each individual.
Perceived success and failure are defined based on whether performance exceeds goals.

6. MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980) Goals define success and failure in 2 ways
what you are trying to accomplish or personal attributes you value
amount or degree to which performance meets or exceeds goal standards
Primary Achievement Goals
social approval
ability
task/intrinsic

7. PRIMARY ACHIEVEMENT GOALS
Social Approval – others tell you that you did well
Ability – socially compare well and demonstrate competence
Task/Intrinsic – learning, mastery and self-comparison

8. MEASURING ACHIEVEMENT GOALS
Ewing factor table 11

9. Does success or failure mean the same thing to all of us?

10. CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM SUCCESS

11. CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM FAILURE

12. Do we define these terms the same way?

13. If not, are there gender, racial, ethnic or cultural differences in definitions of success and failure?

14. ANTECEDENTS & CONSEQUENCES

15. SUCCESS IS DEFINED IN TERMS OF VALUES
Values are learned attitudes.
Values are influenced by . . .
gender roles learned from significant others
cultural values
racial and ethnic-based norms and beliefs
religious doctrine
other groups that influence how we view the world and decide what is important

16. How do we measure subjective perceptions of success and failure?

17. ANTECEDENT S OF SUCCESS & FAILURE

18. CONSEQUENCES OF SUCCESS & FAILURE

19. CONSEQUENCES OF SPORT SUCCESS

26. ENHANCING PERSONAL INVESTMENT
Person-focused strategies
Job-focused strategies
Organization-focused strategies

27. PERSON-FOCUSED STRATEGIES
Selecting motivated people
Placement of putting the right person in the appropriate job
Developing new goals and sense-of-self variables in individuals.

28. JOB-FOCUSED STRATEGIES
change job itself
change larger organizational network in which the job is performed
social aspects
inherent attractiveness
evaluation

29. ORGANIZATION-FOCUSED STRATEGIES
establishing & communicating a mission
establishing salient goals
concern for individual in the organization
delegate power
identify and reward excellence