1. Forging the National Economy

2. Bell Ringer
“A revival is not a miracle, or dependent on a miracle in any sense. It is a purely philosophical result of the right use of the constituted means.”
When is reform necessary? In what aspects should we be progressive?

3. Objectives
Examine the effects of early industrial development on labor and society.
Analyze the relation between the growing national economy and the regional economic specialization of the Northeast, South and Midwest.
Essential Question: What significant events take place that help to develop the nation’s economy?

4. The Western Movement The westward movement molded the environment
Population begins to double every 25 years
High birthrate accounts for population growth

5. Nativist Attitudes
Irish potato famine leads to immigration – “Black Forties”
Germans pour in due to crop failures
Nativists form the “Know-Nothings”

6. Manufacturing and the Market Revolution
Samuel Slater - “father of the factory system”
Eli Whitney – cotton gin
Elias Howe & Issac Singer – sowing machine
Samuel Morse – telegraph
Factory system leads to impersonal relations, poor benefits
Labor unions form, Commonwealth v. Hunt
Home becomes a place of refuge, women take charge
Lancaster Turnpike and Cumberland Road opens economic expansion
Other notables…
John Deere
Cyrus McCormick
Robert Fulton
DeWitt Clinton
Iron horse
Pony Express

7. The Ferment of Reform and Culture

8. Objectives Explain the revivals of the Second Great Awakening.
Examine the nature of the 19th century family and its relation to society.
Describe the early women’s movement.

9. Reviving Religion Deism and Unitarian beliefs challenge religion
Liberalism in religion spawned the Second Great Awakening
Encouraged Christians to take back their faith
Revival further fragments religious faiths (slavery)
Joseph Smith develops the Mormon faith

10. Age of Reform Horace Mann – “father of public education”
Reformers oppose tobacco, alcohol, profanity
American Temperance Society stresses prohibition
Gender differences increase with different economic roles
Seneca Falls Convention and Declaration of Sentiments launch modern women’s movement

11. American Achievements
Medicine was primitive, life expectancy low
Gothic forms gain popularity in architecture
Americans pour literature into practical outlets
Literature dawns with the Transcendentalist movement (Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman)
Others not associated with transcendentalism
Louisa May Alcott, Emily Dickinson, Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, George Bancroft