1. Colonization to Royal Government
REVIEW
Colonization to Royal Government

2. Who was the first explorer to enter present-day Georgia?
a. Hernando de Soto b. Ponce de Leon c. Ferdinand Magellan d. Francisco Pizarro

3. Hernando de Soto

4. Why did Hernando de Soto explore
much of Georgia in 1540?
a. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits. b. He wanted to build forts and missions in the state. c. He was searching for the magical Fountain of Youth. d. He believed that he would find a passage to Asia through Georgia.

5. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits.

6. Why was de Soto’s expedition
considered a failure?
a. De Soto died before the expedition was finished. b. De Soto traveled in the wrong direction. c. De Soto did not find any gold or riches. d. De Soto’s men died of disease.

7. De Soto did not find any gold or riches.

8. How did de Soto’s march through Georgia change the lives and culture of Native Americans?
The expedition resulted in the death of
thousands of Native Americans from violence and disease.
The expedition was responsible for converting Native Americans to Catholicism.
The expedition set up new trading
opportunities for Native Americans.
The expedition introduced Native
Americans to new types of food.

9. The expedition resulted in the death of thousands of Native Americans from violence and disease.

10. Why are Hernando de Soto’s expeditions into Georgia significant?
a. He was the first European to explore the area. b. They were the last expeditions. c. James Oglethorpe was a part of the expeditions. d. He removed the Cherokees from Georgia.

11. He was the first European to explore the area.

12. The Spanish established the Santa Catalina mission on
a. Cumberland Island. b. Jekyll Island. c. St. Catherine’s Island. d. St. Simons Island.

13. St. Catherine’s Island

14. The main purpose of the Spanish mission in the barrier islands was to
a. provide protection for the area’s European settlers. b. convert the Indians to Catholicism. c. establish trade with Spain. d. claim land for Spain.

15. convert the Indians to Catholicism

16. Which is NOT a reason for the decline of the Spanish missions?
a. Once the Indians adopted Catholicism, the missions were no longer needed.
b. Some missions were raided by Indians who were allied with the British.
Some Indians resettled in areas that were
not served by the missions.
Pirate raids along the coast destroyed many missions

17. Once the Indians adopted Catholicism, the missions were no longer needed.

18. The main reason the Spanish explored North America was to
a. build permanent settlements.
b. find gold and riches.
c. spread Christianity.
d. fight the British.

19. find gold and riches

20. Which country was NOT a major colonizer of North America?
a. France
Great Britain
Portugal
d. Spain

21. Portugal

22. The first permanent British settlement in the New World was built at
a. St. Augustine.
b. Jamestown.
c. Massachusetts Bay.
d. Roanoke Island.

23. Jamestown

24. a. Jamestown. b. Los Angeles. c. St. Augustine. d. Yamacraw Bluff.
The first permanent Spanish settlement in the New World was established at
a. Jamestown.
b. Los Angeles.
c. St. Augustine.
d. Yamacraw Bluff.

25. St. Augustine

26. What was the name of the first British fort constructed in Georgia?
a. Fort Frederica
b. Fort Guale
c. Fort King George
d. Fort Santa Catalina

27. Fort King George

28. a. a colony for settlement by the poor.
One of the reasons given for the colonization of Georgia was to serve as a buffer colony. This meant that Georgia was
a. a colony for settlement by the poor.
b. an outpost for pirates attacking
Spanish galleons.
a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.
an agricultural station experimenting
with new strains of cotton plant. 

29. a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.

30. a. to help pay royal debts. to civilize the native Indians.
What was one of the major reasons for the king wanting to create a colony of Georgia?
a. to help pay royal debts.
to civilize the native Indians.
to release debtors from prison.
d. to create a balanced trade policy.

31. To create a balanced trade policy.

32. Why did James Oglethorpe suggest forming a colony for the poor?
England wanted to get rid of debtors permanently.
The homeless would readily come to the New World.
Oglethorpe was angry when his friend died and he felt that debtors should not have to go to jail.
The poor were mostly well-educated people who had fallen on hard times.

33. Oglethorpe was angry when his friend died and he felt that debtors should not have to go to jail.

34. white potatoes, yams, and corn. squash and green beans.
What items did Oglethorpe promise to send back to Great Britain from
the new colony of Georgia?
white potatoes, yams, and corn.
squash and green beans.
semi-tropical fruit, spices, indigo, silk.
pottery and hats.

35. semi-tropical fruit, spices, indigo, silk

36. former convicts well educated deeply religious poor but worthy
Which term BEST describes the kind of people Oglethorpe and his associates wanted to bring to Georgia?
former convicts
well educated
deeply religious
poor but worthy

37. poor but worthy

38. did NOT include a provision that
Georgia’s Charter
did NOT include a provision that
guaranteed every settler his day in court to settle differences.
gave the king of England control of the colony.
prohibited Catholics from becoming colonists.
banned liquor in the colony.

39. guaranteed every settler his day in court to settle differences.

40. When did King George II grant Oglethorpe and his group a charter for
the colony of Georgia?
1492
1607
1732
1776

41. 1732

42. According to the charter, what religious group was not allowed
to settle in Georgia?
Baptist
Catholic
Jewish
Methodist

43. Catholic

44. According to Georgia’s Charter, which group of people was forbidden
to enter Georgia?
Preachers
Blacks
Soldiers
women

45. Blacks

46. What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take personal advantage of their position?
a. The trustees could not hold office.
The trustees could not serve more than one year.
The trustees had to break off all ties with Great Britain.
The trustees had to donate their own
money to provide food for the colonists. 

47. The trustees could not hold office.

48. Ann Godspeed Mayflower Santa Maria
What ship brought Oglethorpe and the first colonists to Charleston, then Savannah, during the winter of 1733?
Ann
Godspeed
Mayflower
Santa Maria

49. Ann

50. have served time in a debtors’ prison.
Those who were selected to settle the colony of Georgia were required to
have served time in a debtors’
prison.
bring their own farm tools with them.
only sell their land to another Englishman.
use a portion of their land to grow mulberry trees.

51. Use a portion of their land to grow mulberry trees

52. The trustees gave the first settlers in Georgia the right to
a. vote.
own land.
collect taxes.
d. hold elections. 

53. Own land

54. Which statement BEST describes the subject of this illustration?
The Indians and the British exchanged gifts.
The British took control over the Indians’ land.
The Indians showed distrust for the invading Englishmen.
The British and the
Indians had a disappointing first meeting.

55. The Indians and the British exchanged gifts.

56. What Indians were led by Tomochichi?
a. Cherokee
b. Creek
c. Oconee
d. Yamacraw

57. Yamacraw

58. a. William Bull b. Robert Montgomery Mary Musgrove Toonahowi
Who served as the translator for Oglethorpe in his discussions with Tomochichi?
a. William Bull
b. Robert Montgomery
Mary Musgrove
Toonahowi

59. Mary Musgrove

60. a. Altamaha River Flint River Savannah River d. St. Mary’s River
Tomochichi allowed James Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking which river?
a. Altamaha River
Flint River
Savannah River
d. St. Mary’s River

61. Savannah River

62. Who surveyed and helped design the city of Savannah?
a. Noble Jones
Robert Montgomery
Samuel Nunes
d. James Oglethorpe

63. Noble Jones

64. a. Fort Frederica near St. Simons Island
Where did James Oglethorpe and the first Georgia colonists land
when they arrived in Georgia?
a. Fort Frederica near St. Simons Island
Fort Pulaski on the Savannah River
Ossabaw Island on Ossabaw Sound
d. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River 

65. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River

66. Oglethorpe’s plan for the establishment of Savannah could BEST be described as a
poor design for defense against
invading armies.
series of circular roads making travel easy.
city planned around open squares.
d. decaying neighborhood.

67. city planned around open squares

68. The basic pattern of Savannah was fashioned after a design by
a. William Bull
Robert Castell
Noble Jones
d. James Oglethorpe

69. Robert Castell

70. Why did German Salzburgers
come to Georgia?
a. to escape religious persecution
to serve out terms for misconduct
to lead the armed forces for Oglethorpe
for the new financial opportunities
available

71. to escape religious persecution

72. Who was the leader of the Germans from Salzburg?
a. John Martin Bolzius
Lachlan McIntosh
James Oglethorpe
d. John Reynolds

73. John Martin Bolzius

74. Where did the Salzburgers
first settle?
a. Albany
Darien
Ebenezer
d. Savannah

75. Ebenezer

76. The Salzburgers moved from their original settlement because
they were attacked frequently by
Indians.
they had problems with the Spanish
who lived nearby.
the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.
the area was plagued by harsh
storms that caused extensive damage.

77. the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.

78. On which barrier island did the Salzburgers settle?
a. Cumberland Island
b. Jekyll Island
c. St. Catherines Island
d. St. Simons Island

79. St. Simon’s Island

80. Where did Highland Scots
settle in Georgia?
a. Augusta
Darien
New Ebenezer
d. Savannah

81. Darien

82. The Highland Scots
opposed which policy?
keeping close ties with Great
Britain
giving women the right to vote
trading with the Spanish
d. permitting slavery

83. permitting slavery

84. Who were the malcontents of the early Georgia colony?
people who were unhappy and
constantly complaining.
officials who examined the contents of cargo ships.
foreigners from Germany and Scotland.
d. the trustees and their families.

85. people who were unhappy and constantly complaining.

86. Which was NOT an area of discontent in Georgia?
a. slavery
voting rights
the sale of rum
d. ownership of land

87. voting rights

88. With which trustee policy did the colonists disagree?
a. hard work
land allotments
military training
d. prohibition of slavery

89. prohibition of slavery

90. dissidents malcontents objectors rebels
What term was used to describe those who complained about the policies of the trustees?
dissidents
malcontents
objectors
rebels

91. malcontents

92. a. France Great Britain Portugal d. Spain
The European nation that dominated early exploration in the New World was
a. France
Great Britain
Portugal
d. Spain

93. Spain

94. The greatest threat to the Georgia colony came from
a. Indians who lived in the area.
Spanish soldiers in Florida.
the area’s harsh climate.
d. new diseases.

95. Spanish soldiers in Florida.

96. What was the importance of the Battle of Bloody Marsh?
It ended the threat of war from the Native Americans.
It demonstrated the strength of the British militia.
It resulted in Georgia’s gaining new lands on which to settle.
It was the beginning of a safe southern
frontier for the British.

97. It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

98. a. Catholics Highland Scots Salzburgers d. Spaniards
What group came to the aid of James Oglethorpe in the Battle of Bloody Marsh?
a. Catholics
Highland Scots
Salzburgers
d. Spaniards

99. Highland Scots

100. The Latin motto of the trustees, Non Sibi Sed Allis, meant “Not for themselves but for others.”
What does this mean?
The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of
helping the poor, not for the purpose of making themselves rich.
Religious leaders could not protect themselves as
Catholics because of the members of the new Methodist church.
The Highland Scots and the Salzburgers were foreigners
and couldn’t be trusted to defend the British.
The king felt the colony had been a failure and the
trustees had to be punished as an example.

101. The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of helping the poor, not for the purpose of making themselves rich.

102. What impact did the departure of Oglethorpe to England
have on the colony?
No impact; he was cleared of the charges
against him and returned within the year.
No impact; after he married, he quickly returned to the colony to help the poor.
Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws were changed.
Great impact; the new leaders quickly
turned control over to the king.

103. Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws were changed.

104. In 1752, Georgia became a
a. debtor colony.
proprietary colony.
royal colony.
d. self-governing colony.

105. Royal Colony

106. a bicameral legislature d. the king of Great Britain
Who controlled Georgia after it became a royal colony?
a. James Oglethorpe
the people of Georgia
a bicameral legislature
d. the king of Great Britain

107. King of Great Britain

108. a. Atlanta Augusta Macon d. Savannah
What city served as Georgia’s capital during its period as a royal colony?
a. Atlanta
Augusta
Macon
d. Savannah

109. Savannah

110. royal governor of Georgia?
Who was the first
royal governor of Georgia?
a. Robert Castell
Robert Montgomery
James Oglethorpe
d. John Reynolds

111. John Reynolds

112. a. They were elected by the voters. They were appointed by the king.
When Georgia was a royal colony, how were members of the upper house of the legislature, the Governor’s Council chosen?
a. They were elected by the voters.
They were appointed by the king.
They were appointed by the royal governor.
They were chosen by members of the
lower house of the legislature.

113. They were appointed by the king.

114. While John Reynolds was its royal governor, Georgia established
a. a unicameral legislature.
local governing bodies.
land ownership rights.
d. a court system.

115. a court system

116. Governor Reynolds disbanded the legislature because
there was a disagreement over how to
improve military defenses.
there was a conflict between the two
houses in the legislature.
some members of the lawmaking body were elected illegally.
he believed the governor should have sole power.

117. there was a disagreement over how to improve military defenses

118. royal governor of Georgia?
Who was the second
royal governor of Georgia?
a. Henry Ellis
Henry Musgrove
John Reynolds
d. James Wright

119. Henry Ellis

120. More merchants started businesses. Newcomers brought slaves to
What change was NOT brought about during the term of royal governor Henry Ellis?
More merchants started
businesses.
Newcomers brought slaves to
Georgia.
The number of profitable farms
increased.
The first newspaper in Georgia was
published.

121. The first newspaper in Georgia was published.

122. a. James Wright b. William Stephens c. John Reynolds d. Henry Ellis
Which royal governor permitted slavery in Georgia, made farms more profitable and increased the number of merchants selling goods?
a. James Wright
b. William Stephens
c. John Reynolds
d. Henry Ellis

123. Henry Ellis

124. Which person served as a royal governor of Georgia?
a. Button Gwinnett
b. James Oglethorpe
c. William Stephens
d. James Wright

125. James Wright

126. a. James Wright b. John Reynolds c. James Oglethorpe d. Henry Ellis
Who was governor of Georgia when the last of the palisades were built around Savannah, Sunbury became Georgia’s main port of entry, and the term crackers was used to refer to undesirables?
a. James Wright
b. John Reynolds
c. James Oglethorpe
d. Henry Ellis

127. James Wright

128. Which impact was a result of the Spanish Mission system?
Spanish Catholics adopted
Native American Beliefs.
Native American culture
expanded.
Savannah was developed.
Native American culture declined.

129. Native American culture declined.

130. Why are Hernando de Soto’s expeditions into Georgia significant?
He was the first European to
explore the area.
They were the last expeditions.
James Oglethorpe was a part of the expeditions.
He removed the Cherokee’s from Georgia.

131. He was the first European to explore the area.

132. a. Georgia, Florida, South Carolina French, Spanish, British
Which three European groups were interested in the agricultural opportunities and trade with the Indians in the Southeastern part of the United States in the 18th Century?
a. Georgia, Florida, South Carolina
French, Spanish, British
Germans, Mexican, British
d. Yamacraw, Creek, Yamasee 

133. French, Spanish, British

134. During the early 1700’s, the French, Spanish, and British had several conflicts in the territory that would eventually become Georgia. Why were these three countries interested in this region?
The French and Spanish were allied together in an effort to
completely remove the British presence from the Southeast.
Only Georgia provided the necessary combination of fertile
land and friendly Indian tribes to have a long term, stable colony.
It was the first place each other had designated as their
primary colony in the new world, therefore none of the countries could afford to leave the Southeast.
All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s
trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north. 

135. All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north.

136. a. economics defense exploration d. missions
Use the following quote from the Georgia Charter of 1732 to answer this question, “...they might not only gain a comfortable subsistence for themselves and families, but also strengthen our colonies and increase the trade...and wealth of these our realms.” The quote MOST DIRECTLY relates to which reason for settling Georgia?
a. economics
defense
exploration
d. missions

137. economics

138. How as Tomochichi significant to the development of early Georgia?
Oglethorpe hired him to develop
Savannah.
He led violent revolts against the colonists.
He was a mediator between the colonists and the Yamacraw.
The Yamacraw used him to
encourage the malcontents.

139. He was a mediator between the colonists and the Yamacraw.

140. Which is a true statement about the Charter of 1732?
It was never approved and Oglethorpe
founded the colony illegally.
It stated reasons why Georgia needed to be independent of England.
It provided King George an opportunity to invade Spain.
It listed multiple reasons, including charity,
defense, and economics, for founding Georgia.

141. It listed multiple reasons, including charity, defense, and economics, for founding Georgia.

142. James Oglethorpe was important to the colony of Georgia because he
led the initiative to get the Charter
to start the colony.
fought in the Revolutionary War alongside Elijah Clark.
founded and developed the city of Atlanta.
served as one of the first Royal
Governors.

143. led the initiative to get the Charter to start the colony.

144. Which describes why the English and Spanish were interested in the Southeastern United States?
It provided a strategic position to attack
French settlements in the north.
There were natural resources in the area they could use to make their country richer.
They had made an agreement to cooperate and settle the region together.
d. It was the easiest place to get to.

145. There were natural resources in the area they could use to make their country richer.

146. These statements relate to the importance of which person?
*Cultural connections between Yamacraw and Creek Indians
and English Colonists
*Served as interpreter between Oglethorpe and Yamacraw.
*Established several trading posts around Georgia.
a. Mary Musgrove
Tomochichi
Nancy Hart
d. Austin Dabney

147. Mary Musgrove

148. The complaints of the malcontents were significant to the trustee period because they demonstrated that the
Trustees did not represent the changing
population in Georgia.
Malcontents were trying to take over the colony.
Original charter was inaccurate and needed to be removed.
Spanish threat from Florida was the most
important issue of the time.

149. Trustees did not represent the changing population in Georgia.

150. a. Salzburgers Highland Scots Malcontents d. Moravians
What group was greatly opposed to trustee laws banning rum, slavery, and land purchases?
a. Salzburgers
Highland Scots
Malcontents
d. Moravians

151. malcontents

152. Which statement is true concerning land ownership under the
Royal Governors of Georgia?
Georgia lost territory, especially around
Savannah.
Creek and Cherokee Indians gained territory through negotiations.
The Proclamation of 1763 prevented Georgia from gaining new land.
Georgia gained territory, particularly in the
west.

153. Georgia gained territory, particularly in the west.

154. How did government in Georgia change when the colony moved from the trustee period to a royal colony?
It was more organized, better funded, and
had more authority.
It was weaker and caused much more conflict with Spain.
The government caused the colony not to grow and lost huge sums of money.
The Royal Governors successfully avoided
all conflicts with Indians.

155. Georgia gained territory, particularly in the west.

156. VOCABULARY

157. A colony directed by those to whom a charter was given
monarch colony
proprietary colony
trustee colony
charter colony

158. proprietary colony

159. monarch
a colonist
indentured servant
a trustee
king or queen

160. a king or queen

161. colonists trustee indentured servants apprentices
A group of people who settle in a new land but who keep their ties to their homeland.
colonists
trustee
indentured servants
apprentices

162. colonists

163. colonists trustees indentured servants apprentices
People who agree to work for someone for a set period of time in exchange for passage to the New World.
colonists
trustees
indentured servants
apprentices

164. Indentured servants

165. A colony directed by those to whom a charter was given
royal colony
proprietary colony
trustee colony
charter colony

166. royal colony

167. A person who holds responsibility on behalf of others
colonist
trustee
indentured servant
apprentice

168. trustee

169. A legal document that grants special rights and privileges
will
license
charter
regulation

170. charter

171. government orders
wills
licenses
charters
regulations

172. charter

173. one who is learning a skill, trade or art from an experienced person
indentured servant
apprentice
professional
missionary

174. apprentice

175. monarch proprietor trustee mission
A ministry commissioned by a religious organization to spread their faith
monarch
proprietor
trustee
mission

176. mission

177. A leader in the Spanish conquest of America
nomad
conquistador
monarch
colonist

178. conquistador

179. a fort where troops are housed
garrison
barracks
bunkers
cannongate

180. garrison

181. militia a special forces unit a medical army unit a citizen army
a missionary army

182. A citizen army

183. An unhappy group of people who feel they have been mistreated
malcontents
middlemen
trustees
parishes

184. malcontents

185. fences made of sharpened stakes
moats
barbed wire
forts
palisades

186. palisades

187. In colonial Georgia, a church and British government district
mission
colony
parish
monarch

188. parish

189. pawn dealer carpetbagger merchant middleman
A trader who buys goods from producers and sells them to other traders and consumers
pawn dealer
carpetbagger
merchant
middleman

190. middleman

191. A trade policy in which a country exports more than it imports.
mercantilism
global trade
slave trade
exportism

192. mercantilism

193. indentured servant artisan gardener slave
A person who had few rights and who spent his or her entire life in service to others.
indentured servant
artisan
gardener
slave

194. slave

195. craftsmen
indentured servants
artisans
gardeners
slaves

196. artisans

197. Puritans artisans socialites craftsmen
A group of people who had broken away from the Church of England because of religious differences
Puritans
artisans
socialites
craftsmen

198. Puritans

199. WRITTEN RESPONSE
Select TWO of the following questions for your written response. On a separate piece of paper, COPY the question and write your answer in complete sentences. Be sure to completely answer the question.

200. Compare and contrast the life of the Native Americans before and after European exploration.
Compare and contrast James Oglethorpe’s vision for the new colony of Georgia with the reality of what the new colony of Georgia was really like when it was first settled.
Describe those who contributed to the establishment of the Georgia colony (You must include at least 3).
Describe the layout of the first city in Georgia, Savannah.
Compare and contrast Georgia as a trustee colony and Georgia as a royal colony.