1. Battles of WWII
Chapter 25
Section 2

2. Attack of the Philippines
Douglas MacArthur
Commander of the American and Filipino forces in the Philippines
Japan attacks American airfields in the Philippines
Land Japanese troops there
MacArthur retreats to the Bataan Peninsula
They hold out for more than 3 months
Lack of supplies and disease cripple the forces

3. Bataan Peninsula FDR removes MacArthur from the Philippines
MacArthur was an American hero
His capture would demoralize the American people
MacArthur is sent to Australia
April 9, 1942 – allied troops at Bataan surrendered
Bataan Death March

4. General Douglas MacArthur MacArthur or “Dug Out Doug”
As his men called him had abandoned
His men claiming that he would return.
He had ordered them to fight to the last man.

5. Bataan Death March
78,000 American POW’s were forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp
Thousands died on this march

6. This was the largest surrender of American
Troops in U.S. military history.
The American and Filipino soldiers finally surrendered at Corregidor
in the Philippines
May 1942

7. U.S. soldiers on death march from Bataan to Cabanatuan – May 1942

8. Doolittle Raid April 18, 1942 – America bombs Japan for the first time
Bomb Tokyo to raise morale
James Doolittle commander
B-25 bombers
Long range bombers
Take off from aircraft carriers but too big to land on an aircraft carrier
After the attack they would have to land in China

9. Attack Midway
After the Doolittle Raid the Japanese decided to attack Midway
Yamamoto – commander of the Japanese fleet
His idea to attack Midway Island
The last American base in the North Pacific
To destroy the American fleet to protect Tokyo from any more bombing

10. The Battle of Midway
The Japanese launched their aircraft against Midway
Heading for an ambush  US code breakers
Japanese planes ran into antiaircraft fire
38 Japanese planes were shot down
US launches a counterattack
The US sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers
Yamamoto ordered his remaining ships to retreat

11. A Turning Point Midway was a turning point in WWII
The Japanese lost 4 of its largest carriers
The heart of its fleet
6 months after Pearl Harbor the US had stopped the Japanese advancement in the Pacific

12. The Struggle in Africa Battle of Kasserine Pass
1st time US troops had to fight the Germans
US didn’t do well  outmaneuvered and out fought
Eisenhower fired the general who led the attack and put Patton in command
By May 13, 1943 the last German forces in North Africa surrendered

13. Hitler Attacks Russia
1942 – Hitler b/l the only way to defeat the Soviets was to destroy its economy
Capture strategic oil fields, industries and farmlands
The key to Hitler’s attacks was the capture of Stalingrad
Controlled the Volga River and was a major railroad junction
Cut the Soviets off from the resources they needed to stay in the war

14. Stalin Responds
Stalin ordered his troops to hold Stalingrad at all costs – retreat was forbidden
Soviet troops surrounded Stalingrad trapping almost 250,000 German troops
91,000 Germans surrendered
Only 5000 survived the prison camps and returned home after the war
The Battle of Stalingrad – A turning point!!!
Put the Germans on the defensive for the rest of the war

15. Politics in 1944
Service overseas kept many Democratic voters from casting ballots in the 1942 congressional elections, and the low turnout helped Republicans gain congressional seats.
Republicans seized the opportunity to roll back New Deal reforms. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the (CCC) was abolished.
But the Democratic administration fought back by persuading Congress to guarantee absentee ballots for servicemen. Democrats won in the voting booths in 1944.
In June 1944, Congress unanimously approved the landmark GI Bill of Rights, promising to give veterans government funds for education, housing, and health care, and to provide loans to start businesses and buy homes when they returned from overseas.

16. The Election of 1944
After twelve turbulent years in the White House, F.D.R. was exhausted and dying with heart disease. But he was determined to remain president until the war ended.
“All that is within me cries out to go back to my home on the Hudson River,” he declared. “But as a good soldier…I will accept and serve” if reelected president.
Roosevelt’s poor health made the selection of a vice presidential candidate important. Convinced that Americans had soured on liberal reform, F.D.R. dumped Henry Wallace and chose Harry S. Truman, a more conservative Democrat.
Republicans, confident of a strong upsurge in the nation, nominated New York Governor, Thomas E. Dewey.
Roosevelt was given a 53.5 percent majority, his narrowest presidential victory ever.