1. Satellite Sensors – Historical Perspectives
Landsat July 1972, Decommissioned - 6 January 1978
Landsat January 1975, Decommissioned - 25 February 1982
Landsat March 1978, Decommissioned - 31 March 1983
Landsat July 1982, Decommissioned - June 2001
Landsat March 1984, Decommissioned - January, 2013
Landsat 6 - October 1993, Failed on launch
Landsat April 1999, Operational
Landsat 8 – February, 2013, Operational
Landsat 9 – 2020, Planned

2. Landsat TM and ETM+

3. Landsat TM and ETM+

4. Landsat MSS

5. Landsat 8 – OLI & TIRS
Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager

6. Landsat 8 – OLI & TIRS
TIRS Sensor

7. SPOT Satellite Series
The system has been operational since 1986 when SPOT 1 was launched. SPOT 2 was placed in orbit in January 1990, followed by SPOT 3 in September 1993
SPOT 4 was launched in March 1998 and SPOT 5 in May 2002.
Spot 6 was launched in September, 2012 and SPOT 7 in June, 2014

8. SPOT Satellite Series
SPOT high resolution optical instruments (HRV – High Resolution Visible on SPOT 2
HRVIR - High Resolution Visible Infra Red on SPOT 4
HRG - High Geometric Resolution on SPOT 5
Offer an oblique viewing capability, the viewing angle being adjustable through +/- 27 degrees relative to the vertical.
The ground stations can steer each instrument’s strip-selection mirror remotely to view regions of interest not vertically below the satellite.
Two spectral modes of acquisition – P and XS

9. Image swath – 60*60km
Temporal resolution – 26 days
Average revisit cycle – 2-3 days
Programmable

10. SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 Panchromatic – 2 m spatial resolution
Multi spectral – 8 m spatial resolution

11. SPOT Stereo Imaging
The HRS (High-Resolution Stereoscopic imaging instrument) flown on SPOT 5 is taking simultaneous stereopairs
Scene size – 120km across and 600km long (Maximum length of the scene)
Stereopairs are acquired in Pan mode with pixel size of 10m

12. Indian remote Sensing (IRS) Satellites
India's first civilian remote sensing satellite IRS-1A - in March 1988
IRS 1B – Launched in August, 1991
IRS 1C – LISS III, WIFs and Pan sensors in December 1995
IRS 1D September, 1997
IRS P4 – dedicated to marine applications – Launched in May, 1999
IRS P6 – Resourcesat I – Launched in October, 2003, Resourcesat II – Launched in April, 2011
IRS P5 – Cartosat I – Launched in May, 2005 – for scale mapping and terrain applications

13. IRS Satellites
5.8
23.5

14. NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
First operational NOAA satellite (NOAA-6) was launched in This was followed by a series of NOAA satellites, latest is NOAA-19 launched in February 2009.
Carry the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor.
Swath size – 2399 km
Spatial resolution –1.1 km
These sensors collect global data on a daily basis for a variety of land, ocean, and atmospheric applications.

15. IKONOS IKONOS was launched in 1999, Decommissioned in March, 2015
Spatial resolution – 1.0 meter Panchromatic, 4 meter multi spectral
Revisit – Approximately 3 days at 1m resolution
Dynamic range – 11 bits per pixel
Bands – Panchromatic, Blue, Green, Red and NIR

16. ASTER - Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
ASTER - sensor onboard the Terra satellite launched in December 1999.
The Terra satellite also carries the MODIS sensor and follows a similar orbit to Landsat 7.
ASTER is the result of a cooperative effort between NASA, Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC).

17. ASTER The ASTER sensor consists of three separate subsystems:
Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR)
Shortwave Infrared (SWIR)
Thermal Infrared (TIR)

18. ASTER

19. ASTER

20. MODIS MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)
Key instrument aboard the satellites Terra (EOS AM-1),
Launched on 18 December 1999 and Aqua (EOS PM-1) was launched on 4 May 2002.
MODIS views almost the entire surface of the Earth every day
Acquire data in 36 spectral bands over a 2330 km swath.
Spatial Resolution – Bands 1-2 – 100m
Bands 3-7 – 500m
Bands 8-36 – 1000m
MODIS helps to understand global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere

21. Other Earth Observation Satellites
OrbView
ESA Sentinel satellite series
QuickBird
WorldView
RapidEye

22. References www.ga.gov.au www.spotimage.com www.nrsa.gov.in