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Development and Western Culture

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Presentation on theme: "Development and Western Culture"— Presentation transcript:

1 Development and Western Culture
The Middle Ages Development and Western Culture

2 The Church: Political and Spiritual Power
Popes follow Roman organization Appoint bishops Sponsor missionaries Monasticism Benedict of Nursia Benedictine rule- promoted Christian unity Spiritual functions Holiness Network Pilgrimage centers Secular functions Education Large estates Shelter travelers Universities, from 13th century

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4 Charlemagne and His Successors
Frankish Carolingian dynasty Charles Martel 732, Tours Charles the Great (Charlemagne) 800, crowned emperor Copied Roman central administration 814, death Empire fragments 843, Treaty of Verdun Three kingdoms Holy Roman emperors Ruling Germany, Italy

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6 New Economic and Urban Vigor
Agricultural improvements Increased production Surplus, wealth, population growth Towns grow Literacy expands Education Cathedral schools, from 11th century Universities, from 13th century

7 Feudal Monarchies and Political Advances
Personal relationship Military service for land Some lords emerge more powerful e.g. Capetian kings of France Develop bureaucracies, states William the Conqueror 1066, Norman conquest of England Centralized government Sheriffs, courts

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9 Limited Government Political fragmentation continues
Monarchs limited by church, nobles, towns 1215, Magna Carta King John recognizes supremacy of written law Representative bodies Catalonia, from 1000 England, from 1265 Parliament- two houses : house of lords and house of commons Monarchs continue to increase in power Large conflicts Hundred Years War England vs France

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11 The West's Expansionist Impulse
Germanic knights From 11th century, into eastern Germany, Poland Iberia Northern Christian states begin reconquista Vikings Cross Atlantic Crusades Called by Urban II, 1095 Initial success New contact with Islam

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13 Religious Reform and Evolution
Gregorian reform, 11th century Based in monasteries Gregory VII Separation of secular and religious spheres Mendicants, 13th century St. France, St. Clare, St. Dominic

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15 Theology: Assimilating Faith and Reason
Revival of Greek Philosophy Aristotle valued Philosophy & Theology co-existed Father Peter Aberlard (12th century) Wrote treatise Yes & No Believed in rational examination of doctrines Bernard of Clairvauz Believed reason was dangerous and that God’s truth must be received through faith alone Thomas Aquinas Taught at University of Paris Believed in faith and reason Summas- theological work written by Aquinas Scholasticism – critical thought in academics Dominant philosophical approach in 13th century Roger Bacon – invented eyeglasses

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17 Popular Religion Most people were devout Christians
Many Christians behavior was contradictory Raoul de Cambrai French hero burned a convent because nuns insulted his knights Paganism still exist

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