1. Alpine tundra Earth’ formations

2. LOOK AT THE WORLD MAPS LABEL THE 7 CONTINENTS LABEL THE 3 MAJOR OCEANS

3. PANGAEA MAP SHARE WITH CLASS WORK IN PARTNERS –
PLACE THE 6 WORLD MAPS FROM OLDEST TO NEWEST
SHARE WITH ANOTHER GROUP OF PARTNERS TO SEE IF YOU ARE CORRECT
SUPPORT WHY YOU PLACED THEM IN THE ORDER YOU HAVE TO YOUR NEW PARTNER GROUP
SHARE WITH CLASS

4. TECTONIC ACTIVITY MAP ANALYZE THE MAPS OF VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES
1) Dots represent earthquakes
2) Red Triangles represent volcanic eruptions
COMPOSITION NOTEBOOKS – Answer the following
1) Compare and Contrast the placement of the earthquakes and volcanoes (How are they the same, how are they different)
2) If there are any continents that have different locations of the earthquakes and volcanoes, identify where they are.
3) Explain why these may be different

5. PLATE TECTONICS MAP
TAKE THE PUZZLE PIECES AND GLUE THEM ON THE GIVEN PIECE OF PAPER
1) How many plates are on this map?
2) Explain how this relates to the continents….
COMPARE THE PLATES MAP TO THE MAP OF VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES
3) What do you notice about the location of the volcanoes and earthquakes in relation to the location of the plates?
4) Use the information you learn from analyzing these maps to explain why there is volcanoes and earthquakes in the middle of the ocean.

6. PANGAEA
Scientists believe that the Earth once had a single landmass that broke into large pieces, which have since drifted apart.
This mass was called PANGAEA

7. CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
Alfred Wegener was the first scientist to build a scientific case to support the CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY.
Evidence from FOSSILS, glacial deposits and other kinds of ROCK deposits found in continents separated by miles of ocean support that they were once joined together.

8. THE EARTH’S INTERIOR
In order to understand how the earth moves, we must review the layers of the earth.
The earth is made up of 4 layers.
INNER CORE
OUTER CORE
MANTLE
CRUST

9. INNER CORE
Innermost layer of the earth
Made of IRON and NICKEL
SOLID state of matter
3200 – 4000 miles to the center
800 miles thick
Reaches temperatures of 9032˚F
Most DENSE layer
3.25 million atmospheric pressure

10. OUTER CORE Next to the inner core toward the Earth’s surface
Made of MOLTEN IRON and Nickel
LIQUID state of matter
1800 – 3200 miles from the surface
1400 miles thick
Reaches temperatures 4000˚ ˚F
1.5 million atm

11. MANTLE Layer beneath the crust Made of Silicon and OXYGEN
PLASTICITY state of matter
Starts miles down and goes to miles
About 1800 miles thick
1600˚ ˚ F
1.5 million atm

12. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE READING BOOKS!!!
Unified Science: Please get out your composition notebook AND your lab sheet from yesterday!!!
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE READING BOOKS!!!
GO GET THEM BEFORE BELL!!!!
Today: Sept 18
Explain the different compositions of Earth’s Layers

13. Plasticity Demonstration
Refer to your handout
Observe the phases of plasticity
Combination of water and cornstarch
Answer Observation questions as a class
Answer rest of questions with partners

14. Outermost layer of the Earth Made of Silicon, OXYGEN, Aluminum, Sodium
crust
Outermost layer of the Earth
Made of Silicon, OXYGEN, Aluminum, Sodium
SOLID state of matter
Surface to 43 miles
4 – 43 miles thick
140˚F

15. EARTH’S CRUST The Earth’s crust is its THINNEST, outermost layer.
It is made of 3 types of rock:
1) SEDIMENTARY
Formed by the compression and cementing of sand, rock fragments and other particles
2) METAMORHIC
Formed by change in the rocks from intense heat and/or pressure
3) IGNEOUS
Formed by the cooling and hardening of molten rock

16. Earth’s crust (continued)
There are 2 types of crust
1) OCEANIC crust is located beneath the oceans that averages less than 10 km thick. MORE DENSE
2) CONTINENTAL crust is located beneath the continents that has an average thickness of about 8 km. Beneath MOUNTAINS, the crust is much thicker. At times it can have a thickness of greater than 70 km.

17. Earth’s crust (continued)
The LITHOSPHERE is (Definition: the solid topmost part of the Earth.)
It is broken into large sections called PLATES ( km thick)
There are at least 7 major plates
Name them…how many can you remember?

18. EARTH’S CRUST (CONTINUED)
The ASTHENOSPHERE is the layer directly beneath the lithosphere which is km thick. Definition: The material on which the lithospheric plates move.
It is considered to be the upper edge of the mantle
Made up of hot, molten MAGMA
Has the property of PLASTICITY.- a solid that has the ability to flow

19. Class Demonstration of Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
Materials: bread, jelly, foil covered cardboard,
the cornstarch/water mixture (plasticity)
Procedure:
Cover cardboard with aluminum foil
Spread cornstarch/water mixture
Spread jelly on top of mixture
Cut bread into different shapes
Place on top of jelly layer….
Move the cardboard gently to watch movement of the plates (bread)

20. Unified Science: Get out notes packet and composition Notebook!
Today: Sept 19
Bellwork
Review Questions from Lab
Describe composition of Earth’s Levels
Describe how plates move
QUIZ WEDS OF NEXT WEEK!!!

21. Composition notebook questions
1. What does the cornstarch/water mixture represent? The cornstarch and water mixture represents the …..
2. What does the jelly represent? The jelly represents the …..
3. What does the bread represent? The bread represents the ….
4. Describe how this demonstration relates to plate tectonics…

22. Worksheet completion
1. Complete questions on the class demonstration worksheet
2. Label the layers of the Earth at the end of your notes
3. Label the layers of the Earth on the back page of your notes with a partner….
4. Add definitions to your glossary

23. What causes plates to move?
Scientists are not for sure what causes the plates to move but they have a good theory.
‘CONVECTION CURRENTS’ within the Earth causes the plates to move.
Definition: the movement of material caused by differences in temperature.

24. Convection Currents in the Earth
Convection currents move the plates of the lithosphere by:
Mantle material close to the core is very hot
Mantle material farther from the core is cooler and less dense
Cooler denser material sinks down
Hot material is then pushed up to replace the cooler material.
As cooler material sinks toward the core, it gets hot again then rises.
Rising and sinking cycle repeats over and over again
This circular motion carries the plates of the lithosphere with it, causing continents/plates to move

25. CONVECTION CURRENTS

29. Earth’s Stress
As the rocks of the crust undergo stress, they slowly change SHAPE and VOLUME. They also move UP or DOWN, or SIDEWAYS.
The movement causes the rocks to break, TILT or fold. The breaking, tilting and folding of rocks is called DEFORMATION.

30. 3 Basic Types of Stress
There are 3 basic types of stress which deforms the crust in different ways.
1) COMPRESSION
2) TENSION
3) SHEARING

31. 1) compression
COMPRESSION squeezes the rocks of the crust causing the particles in the crustal rocks to move closer together, making the rocks denser and smaller in volume.
As crustal rocks are compressed, they are pushed both HIGHER UP and DEEPER DOWN.

32. 2) TENSION
TENSION pulls on the rocks of the crust, causing them to stretch out over a larger area.
A rock under the tension becomes THINNER in the middle than on the ends.
As the volume of the rock INCREASES, the density DECREASES.

33. Tension

34. SHEARING SHEARING pushes rocks of the crust on 2 opposite directions.
This causes the rocks to TWIST and TEAR apart.
During shearing, rocks simply bend or BREAK apart.

35. SHEARING

36. Stress Cont’d
Compression, tension and shearing can change a rock’s VOLUME, it’s SHAPE, or both.
Stresses can also cause the rock to FRACTURE, or crack.