1. Intonation 1

2. Functions of Intonation
Emphasis has higher pitch
I bought a red CAR
I bought a RED car
I bought A red car
I BOUGHT a red car
I bought a red car 2

3. Functions of Intonation
Mark kinds of sentences
Question
Statement
Command
Unfinished sentence
Doubt 3

4. Kinds of sentences
Yes/no question (polar). Rising intonation 4

5. Kinds of sentences Yes/no question (polar). Rising intonation
Are you going to the party?
Will it be done on time? 5

6. Kinds of sentences Non-yes/no question (content). Falling intonation
Where did you go?
Who were you with? 6

7. Kinds of sentences Statement. Falling intonation I’m at Bob’s house
It cost $50 7

8. Kinds of sentences Command. Falling intonation
Put it in the garbage can
Be on time 8

9. Kinds of sentences Tag question. Raising intonation
You’re coming, right?
He’s the one, isn’t he?
You finished, didn’t you? 9

10. Kinds of sentences Yes/No question with doubt. Falling intonation
You were at home at midnight? 10

11. Kinds of sentences Menacing Yes/No question. Falling intonation
Will you get it to me on time? 11

12. Kinds of sentences
Tag question when you assume to know the answer already. Falling intonation
He’s the one, isn’t he?
You finished, didn’t you? 12

13. Kinds of sentences Unfinished idea. Suspended intonation
I got bananas, pinapples, oil, and staples 13

14. Kinds of sentences Unfinished idea. Suspended intonation
I got bananas, pinapples, oil, and staples
I’m going down the road, this car slams on its brakes, I don’t have time to respond, . . . 14

15. Double negatives
Professor: Some languages use two positive words to mean a positive.
Some use two negatives to convey negative.
But, no language uses two positives to convey a negative. 15

16. Double negatives
Professor: Some languages use two positive words to mean a positive.
Some use two negatives to convey negative.
But, no language uses two positives to convey a negative.
Student: Yeah, right (or yeah,yeah) 16

17. Declination We start a sentence at a high pitch
Pitch lowers to the end of the sentence
Next sentence starts on a high pitch again 17

18. Declination We start a sentence at a high pitch
Pitch lowers to the end of the sentence
Next sentence starts on a high pitch again
Same thing happen in tone languages
High tone early in sentence is higher than at the end 18

19. Syntax marking What is intonation difference?
She read and graded papers
She read, and graded papers 19

20. Syntax marking What is intonation difference?
She read and graded papers
She read, and graded papers
Bill, knit me a sweater
Bill knit me a sweater 20

21. Double negatives
Professor: Some languages use two positive words to mean a positive.
Some use two negatives to convey negative.
No language uses two positives to convey a negative.
Student: yeah, right 21

22. Intonation Melodies 22

23. Intonation Melodies Melody tends to fall on end of long sentences
On the night of July 13, 1987 did you see the defendant at the party? 23

24. Intonation Melodies
Experiment found people could distinguish question and statement sentences in the first few syllables 24

25. Upspeak Giving statements a rising intonation
So, I call my boss, and the phones busy, so I send him a text, and he doesn’t answer. 25

26. Upspeak Giving statements a rising intonation
So, I call my boss, and the phones busy, so I send him a text, and he doesn’t answer.
Documented in US, AU, UK 26

27. Upspeak Giving statements a rising intonation
So, I call my boss, and the phones busy, so I send him a text, and he doesn’t answer.
Documented in US, AU, UK
Common among younger women 27

28. Intonation in Tone Languages
How do they do it? 28

29. Intonation in Tone Languages
How do they do it?
They don’t
e.g. questions are marked with question word 29

30. Intonation in Songs How do they do it? They don’t
e.g. questions are marked with question word 30

31. Intonation in Songs
How do they do it? 31

32. Intonation in Songs
How do they do it?
They don’t 32

33. Falsetto
Very high pitch 33

34. Falsetto
Very high pitch
Expresses extra emphasis 34

35. Falsetto Very high pitch Expresses extra emphasis
There’s no WAY I’m getting up at 4
Are YOU CALLING ME a LIAR? 35

36. Tone
How do we represent? 36

37. Tone How do we represent?
Assumption: adjacent syllables with same tone are linked to one tone on tone tier 37

38. Tone How do we represent?
Assumption: adjacent syllables with same tone are linked to one tone on tone tier 38

39. Tone How do we represent?
Assumption: adjacent syllables with same tone are linked to one tone on tone tier 39

40. Tone Obligator Contour Principle
Two identical adjacent tones must be linked to the same tone on the tonal tier.
Two adjacent identical tones are not permitted 40

41. Tone
Why do we assume
Instead of 41

42. Tone
Process: H > L after word ending in L 42

43. Tone
Correct representation of tones 43

44. Tone Correct representation of contour tones Rising tone
How would you represent a falling tone? 44

45. Tone Correct representation of contour tones Rising tone
How would you represent a falling tone? 45

46. Tone
How would you represent a falling then rising tone? 46

47. Tone
How would you represent a falling then rising tone? 47