1. Male Reproduction

2. Learner Outcome:
Identify the structures in the male reproductive system and describe their functions

3. Male Reproductive System

4. The Male Reproductive Tract! See handout on anatomy

5. Main Curriculum Structures to know:
Testes:
Site of sperm production
Composed of highly coiled tubules – seminiferous tubules
Scrotum: muscular sac to house the testes outside the body (2-3 oC cooler temp for sperm production)
Epididymis: region of testes where sperm mature & learn to swim.
Vas Deferens (ductus deferens): tube that leads sperm into body for ejaculation

6. Ejaculatory Duct: a tubule formed at the union of the vas defens and seminal vesicle ducts and opening into the urethra
Urethra: tube that transports both urine & sperm
Penis: delivers sperm into the female
Glans Penis: nerve endings on penis end (sensation)
Prepuce: foreskin to cover penis end (before circumcision)

7. The seminal fluids provide a medium for the sperm.
Semen: the Contributions of the 4 glands of all males: Testes, Seminal Vesicle, Prostate & Cowper’s Gland
Did you know…
Every time a man ejaculates, between 3 and 4 mL of fluid, containing approximately 500 million sperm cells, are released.
The seminal fluids provide a medium for the sperm.

8. Gland I: Testes (pl. ), Testicle (sing
Gland I: Testes (pl.), Testicle (sing.): male gonad (produces Sperm, Testosterone & Inhibin).
Stimulated by FSH to produce sperm (Spermatogenesis)
Stimulated by LH to produce Testosterone
Located outside the body in the scrotum
Sperm production requires a 2-3 oC lower than body core temp (thus testes are housed outside the body)

9. Gland II: Seminal Vesicles
Base of bladder where the vas deferens enters the prostate
3 Secretions:
Fructose (food source for sperm)
Prostaglandins: hormone that opens the female cervix to allow sperm in
Sodium Bicarbonate: a base to neutralize the acidic vagina
Seminal
Vesicle

10. Gland III: Prostate Gland
Golf-ball sized, encircles the urethra
Contractile & Muscular as the prostate is the “force” behind ejaculation
2 Secretions:
Sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic vagina
Milky fluid to aid sperm motility
Prostate gland

11. Gland IV: Cowper’s Gland (or Bulbourethral)
Attached to the urethra below the prostate
1 Secretion:
a clear mucous to lubricate & clean the acidic urethra (urine)
Secreted before ejaculation to clean out urine that will damage the sperm
Cowper’s
Gland

12. This is what competing sperm look like:

13. Homework: Worksheet & Colouring diagrams on male anatomy Next class 
Male Gametogenesis
Testes anatomy
Hormone feedback
Sperm Anatomy

14. L2 Spermatogenesis – How sperm are made!

15. Learner Outcome: Distinguish sperm from their supporting structures
(i.e., seminiferous tubules, interstitial cells, Sertoli cells)

17. I: Spermatogenesis - Testes function to produce sperm & testosterone
85 million sperm are produced per day per testicle (-ve feedback exists)
Each sperm has 23 chromosomes BUT each human cell contains 46
 Other 23 come from where?
Sperm is produced in the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES (tightly packed) within pie slice-like regions of the testes:

18. Testes Anatomy: Testicle Epididymis Vas deferens
Rete Testes: gathers sperm
Seminiferous tubules

19. Cross section of the Seminiferous tubules
How many are shown?
- Produce sperm
Interstitial Cells of Leydig:
- Produce testosterone
Lumen
- hollow to collect sperm
Sertoli Cells:
- Support the growing sperm

21. Spermatogenesis …
Sertoli Cells: nurse cells within the seminiferous tubules
Produce Fructose to nourish sperm
Produce Inhibin (-ve feedback to FSH release from APG)
Destroy mutated or damaged sperm
Interstitial Cells of Leydig: make testosterone
Located outside the seminiferous tubules
Respond to LH & Produce testosterone

22. Development of sperm cells inside the seminiferous tubule (text. Pg

24. III: Sperm Anatomy! Flagella – for sperm motility (swim)
Midpiece (mitochondria) – energy generator (consumes fructose)
Nucleus – contains 23 chromosomes
Acrosome –cap that contains enzymes to break down egg layers
i) Many sperm required to break down the egg WHY?
ii) Only 1 sperm enters the egg
iii) Enzyme is called Hyalrilidase
Flagella
Midpiece
Nucleus
Acrosome

25. Learner Outcomes:
Describe the role of hormones in the regulation of primary and secondary sex characteristics in Males
Identify the principle reproductive hormones in the male and explain their interactions in the maintenance and functioning of the male reproductive system.

26. II: Male Endocrine Loops
APG  FSH  Seminiferous tubules (testes)  Sperm Produced
APG  LH  Interstitial cells of Leydig (testes)  Testosterone Produced
During puberty testosterone production is a +ve feedback mechanism
When too many sperm are produced the SERTOLI CELLS release INHIBIN
-ve feedback to Hypothalamus which tells the APG to stop FSH release
Sperm is stored in the RETE TESTES & EPIDIDYMIS. If too full, INHIBIN is released.

27. Feedback Loop

28. To do: Lab exercise 16.A (pg. 518 in the textbook) – omit c
Label female anatomy diagram and define the parts using your textbook
Female Anatomy Questions & Coloring Diagram (you will have a little time in class to work on this tomorrow)