1. WWI The “Great War” & “The War to End All Wars”

2. How to Remember World War I

3. Start by memorizing the following: B-FAIR to the MAIN SLUGZ so they don’t get eaten by A-HOG

4. B-FAIR = Allied Powers Britain, France, America, Italy, & Russia
World War I sides are:
B-FAIR = Allied Powers Britain, France, America, Italy, & Russia
Italy changed sides during the war.
Russia left war early because of internal strife.

5. A-HOG = Central Powers Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, & Germany

6. M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI
Militarism (keeping army prepared for war) ready to fight right away
Alliance System (choose sides)
did more harm than good
Imperialism (stronger taking over weaker nations) caused fights over who would control what
Nationalism (loyalty to your nation) caused competition with other countries

7. MAIN are like sticks of dynamite, which are stable until a spark sets them off. This “spark” that began WWI was the assassination of the heir to the Austria-Hungary throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand

8. The Archduke & his wife were assassinated by Gavrillo Princip
Archduke & wife Sophie
Archduke & Sophie getting into car just before assassination

9. The assassination pictures continued
Member of the BLACK HAND
Archduke & wife Sophie bodies lie in state

10. S L U G Z are the reasons for U.S. involvement in World War I

11. Sussex Pledge = promise by Germany to warn ships before firing upon them with submarines

12. Lusitania = The sinking of the ship Lusitania

13. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (or U-Boats) = Germany rescinded their promise to warn before striking ships

14. Great Britain The US & Great Britain have many close ties (including language) which enhance the closeness of the 2 countries

15. Zimmerman Note = A letter written to the Spanish Ambassador from Germany which stated that Mexico would obtain part of the US if they would declare war on the US

17. Triple Alliance 1. Germany 2. Austria-Hungary 3. Italy
Organized by Prussia’s Otto von Bismarck
Goal was to isolate France
Alliance was not very stable

18. Kaiser Wilhelm II (ruler of Germany) made Bismarck resign
Allowed Germany’s treaty with Russia to lapse
So Russia created a new alliance with France
NOT GOOD! Enemies are now on both sides of the country

20. Kaiser then challenged Britain- created a navy to rival theirs
Caused Great Britain to increase their navy and make it’s own alliances
TRIPLE ENTENTE
Great Britain
France
Russia
*They are not yet at war though…

21. “The Powder Keg of Europe”
The Balkans- had a long history of uprisings and cultural clashes
Both Russia and Austria-Hungary wanted control of the area
Serbia (a Balkan country) hated A.H. and was backed by Russia (weak)
Germany however backed A.H., so Russia & Serbia backed down

23. HOW IT BEGINS…
Heir to Austria-Hungarian throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand is in Sarajevo on June 28,1914 with his wife
Both are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand (secret society to get rid of A.H. rule in Bosnia)
Austria-Hungary blames Serbia for Ferdinands death (A-H didn’t like Serbia)
Serbia gets scared and asks Russia for support

24. Russia disliked Austria-Hungary too, so they agreed to help
Russia did not declare war, but started moving troops
Germany (allies or “friends” of Austria-Hungary) saw this and war was declared
Soon Germany declared war on France too (yup, just because they were allies of Russia)

25. The Schlieffen Plan Named after General Von Schlieffen
Germans would attack France first by cutting through “neutral” Belgium
Then would go after Russia
IT FAILED- Belgium was protected by England (you guessed it- France & England were allies!)
By August, 1914 ALL of Europe is at war

27. SO who is fighting who???
ALLIED POWERS: England, France, & Russia (later Japan & Italy help out)
CENTRAL POWERS: Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Ottoman Empire (Turkey today) and Bulgaria

28. And where are they fighting?
WESTERN FRONT: France/Germany border
Battle of the Marne-1st major battle
TRENCH WARFARE: 250 miles of dugout holes about 4-5ft deep
Horrible conditions: rat infested, decaying bodies, nasty smells, dirt everywhere
Millions die just to gain yards of territory

29. Trench Warfare

30. “Over the Top” phrase used by the British when troops would attempt to get out and fight
“No man’s land”- area between the trenches- layered with barbed wire and open to machine gun fire
New weapons: Machine gun, flame thrower, tanks, U-Boats (Under sea boats), Mustard Gas (chemical warfare), airplane

31. A photograph of
a man suffering
from trench foot

32. Drawing of a German flame-thrower by A. Forestier

33. Officers walking through
a flooded communication trench.
Army engineers establishing water points in the communication trenches
Stretcher-bearers on the Western Front

35. Gas Masks
Machine guns
German Zeppelin

36. Airplanes brought added firepower
to the devastating "Great War"
Trenches as they look today

37. USA Tried to Stay Neutral
Traded with both sides of war at first – economic trade
British controlled all news that was sent to America – they cut the transatlantic cable that connected US with Germany
Result- persuaded America to be pro-Allied
Aug 1914 – Wilson declares US neutral, tried to be peacemaker

38. USA enters the war-1917
US was practicing ISOLATIONISM- staying out of it
So WHY do we help? S.L.U.G.Z.
1. Germany’s U-boat sinks a British passenger ship the Lusitania- kills 128 Americans (unrestricted warfare)
2. USA had loaned England $$ to help fight
3. Zimmerman Note: Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the US so we could not help France and England
4. Ties with Great Britain
5. Sussex

40. President Woodrow Wilson declares war (April 2, 1917)
U.S. joins the ALLIES against the CENTRAL POWERS
Now have the BIG FOUR:
Woodrow Wilson (USA)
Vittorio Orlando (ITALY)
David Lloyd George (G. BRITAIN)
George Clemenceau (FRANCE)

41. The Big Four

42. "President Wilson before Congress,
announcing the break in the official relations with Germany. February 3, 1917."

43. TOTAL WAR
Rationing was in effect- only could buy small amounts of things needed for the war
Propaganda- one sided info used to keep people supporting the war and going against the govt

46. The Yanks are Coming! – The Doughboys
Doughboy – nickname for American soldier
Selective Service Act – May 1917 – draft of young men for military service
American Expedition Force (AEF) was created out of the volunteers, National Guardsmen and the draftees led by** Gen. John Pershing
Convoy System – carried the troops and supplies to Europe to protect against the attack of U-boats
A group of unarmed ships surrounded by destroyers, torpedo boats and other naval vessels equipped with hydrophones to track and destroy U-boats

47. Convoy System

48. Life on the Home Front Gov’t sold Liberty Bonds to finance the war
Food Administration-
Rationing
Espionage Act- 1917, made it illegal to interfere with draft and the war effort
Sedition Act – 1918, illegal to discuss anything “disloyal, profane, scurrilous abusive” about American form of gov’t, Constitution, army or navy

49. Schenck v. United States
enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I people who distributed leaflets to men, urging resistance to the draft, could be convicted of a criminal offense- 1st Amend. Rights do not apply. If something posed a "clear and present danger” then the U.S. govt had the right to stop it.

50. Nov 11, 1918 – Germany agrees to an armistice
Over 1 million American soldiers helped turn the tide of war to victory for the Allies
Airplanes, bomber plans and tanks were used for the first time in battle
Nov 11, 1918 – Germany agrees to an armistice
Armistice – agreement to stop fighting
Over 50,000 Americans died in battle and many more from the Influenza epidemics
8 million soldiers and sailors died – 5,000 a day

51. War is coming to an end
Germany defeats Russia! (Russia had an internal revolution they had to take care of with the Bolsheviks)
 Russia lost big and had to give up lots of territory
 treaty eventually becomes invalid

52. Germany put all it’s efforts into the Western Front now that war with Russia was over
With fresh U.S. troops (“doughboys”) the Central Powers fell one by one
Armistice (agreement to stop fighting) was signed in Paris
Armistice Day

53. PEACE Wilson’s 14 Points (suggestions for lasting peace)
COMPROMISE…FINALLY!
Treaty of Versailles- punished Germany for WWI- had to pay “reparations” or $33 billion back and gave up land (BIG reason for Hitler & WWII)
*League of Nations created under 14 Points-International group to keep world peace

54. USE THESE PAGES TO GET INFO ON THE FOLLOWING-
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USE THESE PAGES TO GET INFO ON THE FOLLOWING-
HENRY CABOT LODGE- 469
BATTLE OF ARGONNE FOREST- 468
GREAT MIGRATION- BOTTOM 498
ALVIN YORK- 465

55. The End