1. Steps to World War I
Chapter 16 Section 1

2. Review United States forces Japan to open trade with them
Japan modernizes to “western” ways
Early 1900’s
England
United States
France All Industrialized
Germany
Japan
Russia

3. The 4 Causes of WWI
M – Militarism – development & glorification of the military
A – Alliances – agreements between countries
I – Imperialism – domination of one country by another
N – Nationalism – Great pride & love for your country

4. Alliances Europe’s great powers divided into two alliances
Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Will come to be called the Central Powers
Later in the war Italy will switch sides and leave the Central Powers
Triple Entente – France, Britain, and Russia
Will come to be called the Allied Powers (Allies)
Italy will switch sides later in the war and join the Allies

5. Assassination – June 28, 1914
Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated
Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
His wife Sophia is killed also
Why?
They were visiting Sarajevo in Bosnia
Bosnia was under the control of Austria-Hungary
Imperialism by Austria-Hungary over Bosnia!!!
Serbia wants Bosnia to be set free of Austria-Hungary so that Bosnia and Serbia can unite
Nationalism b/w Bosnia and Serbia!!!

6. Assassination – June 28, 1914 Who? How?
The Black Hand – Serbian terrorist organization
Wants Bosnia to b/c part of the Serbian kingdom
How?
That morning…
A member of the Black Hand throws a bomb at Ferdinand’s car, it missed them, he and his wife were not hurt
That afternoon…
Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, shoots Ferdinand and his wife
He killed them

7. Sarajevo June 28th, 1914

9. I Got Your Back!
B/f Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, they made sure someone had their back…
They knew that Russia was an ally of Serbia and they were scared to b/g a war w/ Serbia knowing that Russia had Serbia’s back so…
Austria-Hungary asked Germany to help them if this turned into a war
Germany’s Emperor William II responded to Austria-Hungary with a “blank check”
“Blank check” – Austria-Hungary could rely on Germany’s full support  Germany will help them w/ anything they need

10. Effects of Assassination
The assassination is the spark to WWI
Austria-Hungary blames the Serbian govt.
July 23, 1914 – Austria-Hungary sends Serbia and ultimatum
They wanted the terrorist handed over to the Austro-Hungarian govt. and other extreme demands
Serbia rejects the ultimatum
July 28, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Austria-Hungary and Germany are now at war with Serbia
Serbia will ask for help from its allies!

11. Russia Enters the War Russia enters the war to help their ally Serbia
July 29, 1914 – Russia’s Czar Nicholas II orders the mobilization of the Russian army
Mobilization – process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
In 1914 mobilization was seen as an act of war
Germany sees the mobilization as an act of war and warns Russia to stop the mobilization w/i 12 hours
Russia ignores Germany’s warning
August 1, 1914 – Germany declares war on Russia

12. Germany’s War Plan
Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan on how to defeat Russia and France
Germany knew they would soon be fighting France too b/c Russia and France had an alliance
Everyone knew that France had Russia’s back
Knowing this, August 3, 1914 – Germany declared war on France
The Schlieffen Plan…
A two-front war with France and Russia
Germany would rapidly invade and conquer France in the west
Have enough German troops to hold off Russia while they conquered France
Once France was conquered Germany could concentrate all its troops on Russia in the east

13. Germany Invades Belgium
Germany issues Belgium an ultimatum
They demanded the right of German troops to pass through Belgian territory to get to France
Belgium was a neutral nation
August 4, 1914 – Britain declared war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality
Really, Britain was allies w/ France and Russia and wanted to maintain its own world power
By August 4, 1914 all great European powers were at war

14. Two Sides Central Powers  Allied Powers (Allies)  Austria-Hungary
Germany
Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers (Allies) 
Serbia
France
Russia
Great Britain
Italy (switches sides to the allies in 1915)
United States (much later)