1. Taxonomy and Classification

2. I. Why Classify? 1.8 million species identified
Current estimation: 9 million undiscovered species.
1.) 6.5 million on land
2.) 2.2 million in the oceans
C. Most unknown species in
tropical forest and deep oceans.

3. II. Taxonomy A. Definition – study of classification
(naming) of organisms.
B. Binomial Nomenclature
1. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
2. A two-word naming system
referred to as the scientific name
a) Genus – written first and capitalized
b) Species – written second and lowercase
c) Both are italicized; Canis lupus

4. III. Linnaeus’ Classification System

5. IV. Genus and Species Genus – group of closely related species.
B. Species - group of
organisms able to
breed and produce
fertile offspring.

6. C. Examples
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

7. V. Modern Evolutionary Classification
Today organism classification is based upon phylogeny.
B. Phylogeny – classification of
organisms based upon evolutionary
trends and genetic changes

8. VI. Domains and Kingdoms
Domains are larger and more inclusive than kingdoms
There are three domains.
There are six- kingdoms
D. Six Kingdoms: Eubacteria,
Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, and Animalia.

10. VII. Domain Bacteria
The members of the domain bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic.
B. This domain consists
of one kingdom,
Eubacteria.

11. VIII. Domain Archaea unicellular and prokaryotic,
Live in extreme environments—volcanic
hot springs, brine pools, and
black organic mud totally
devoid of oxygen.
C. Consists of one kingdom,
Archaebacteria.

12. IX. Domain Eukarya unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic
Live in all environments
Consists of four kingdoms

13. X. Kingdom Characteristics
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria (Monerans)
* single-celled
* have few organelles
* some able to move
* have no nucleus
* have a cell wall
* absorb food and/or
photosynthesize

14. B. Protista * single-celled * usually no cell wall * have organelles
including a nucleus
* usually move by cilia,
flagella, or by amoeboid
motion
* absorb, ingest, and/or
photosynthesize food

15. C. Fungi * Multicellular * with a cell wall * organelles & nucleus
* do not move
* absorb food

16. D. Plantae * multicellular * has cell wall * organelles & nucleus
* photosynthetic
* no means of locomotion

17. E. Animalia * multicellular * move with the aid of cilia,
flagella, or muscular organs
* organelles including a nucleus
* no cell walls
* Ingest food