1. History of the Family: Introduction PG 9-22
Beginning with the ancestors of Canada’s First Nations peoples, different cultural groups all over Canada have organized their family structures in a variety of ways
Development has happened over hundreds of years but at a different paces
20/11/2018

2. The Origin of the Family
Specifically, cultural anthropologists study isolated human societies both from the outside and on the inside
As a result many theories have been developed to explain the development of human civilizations and the origin of the human family unit
20/11/2018

3. The Need for Families
Our brain distinguishes us from other animal species and enables us to think, problem-solve, to use language as a means of communication, to invent, and to feel emotions
Humans may not have survived as a species unless some form of family grouping developed to provide care and protection and socialization
20/11/2018

4. First family groupings may have been __________
Loose groupings of males and females and their offspring
Perhaps they were similar to social organizations of chimpanzees
20/11/2018

5. But, unlike primates we have developed taboos against certain kinds of aggression and sexual activity
We created relative peace and cooperation necessary for the survival of the horde
Later, a system of social organization based on kinship replaced a social hierarchy based on the size and strength of the dominate male
20/11/2018

6. The Invention of Families
Likely, the earliest human family form was a kind of group marriage within the horde, in which informal pairing occurred for various lengths of time
20/11/2018

7. Hunter-Gatherer Families
The earliest families (Canadian First Nations people were hunter-gatherers)
Estimated that for...
Driven by a daily quest for food (both men and women)
20/11/2018

8. Hunter-Gatherers
Men
Women
Hunt large animals
Gathering fruits, nuts, grains, herbs and small prey
Nurturing of young
Left family for long periods
Researchers in today’s hunter-gatherer societies suggest that women routinely supply 2/3’s or more of the calories consumed by the group
Women's roles essential to survival of societies
Both men a women had a relatively high status within the group
20/11/2018

9. Beginning of Marriage Families were loosely formed then families today
Continued to dominate until the development of agriculture
Fifteen thousand years ago, many hunter gatherer communities began to stay in one location because of a sustainable and abundant food source nearby, such as a river where one could fish
20/11/2018

10. New formation of couple as a married couple
With this came the formation of enduring relationships between men and women so that man could support his own children until they could keep up, at about 5 years of age
New formation of couple as a married couple
20/11/2018

11. The First Canadian Families
Were hunter-gatherers when they first came to live here thousands of years ago
Quite diversified because of the different physical environments in Canada
Egalitarian in their decision making, leadership was acquired through personal qualities, such as strength and intelligence
20/11/2018

12. Agricultural Families
Began years ago in the middle east
Once our ancestors domesticated animals and grew plants for food, their daily quest for food was eliminated, and they were able to live in more permanent settlements
20/11/2018

13. Family Households More food but required more manual labour
Concept of private property developed, land had to be defended and food surpluses had to be controlled and distributed
Men and women’s roles became more defined and focused
20/11/2018

14. The Patriarchal Family
Families became highly organized
Men established a__________; decision makers and authority of the family
Notion of inheritance of property was established through birth rights
20/11/2018

15. Arranged marriages occurred
Polygamy also became common in many societies
Extended families also formed due to the need for land for agriculture
Make sure to define the bolded terms
20/11/2018

16. Pre-industrial Families
While majority of people continued to live on family farms, the population increase that an agricultural economy allowed meant that families outgrew the land
Male family members without land moved with their wives into towns and cities
20/11/2018

17. Child Labour
Children were an economic necessity during a time when less than 50% of them reached adulthood
Survival of economic family depended on all family members working, including children
Notion of childhood did not exist
20/11/2018

18. Master of the House Marriages were monogamous
Families had fewer children than agricultural families but continued to be predominantly patriarchal
Men owned property; children and wives were considered property and therefore could also be disciplined harshly
20/11/2018

19. Urban Industrial Families
As the economy shifted from one based on agriculture and commerce to one based on factory production in towns and cities, work became something done outside the family home to earn a wage to provide for the family’s subsistence
Role of consumer remained but as producer was lost
20/11/2018

20. Families in 19th Century Canada
Families became urban; more than 1/3 lived in towns and cities and more and more Canadians migrated to the cities where work could be found
Motherhood as a sacred and primary role of women was the ideal
Role of children changed; mandatory education lead to child labour laws and more leisure time and the “age of innocence”
20/11/2018

21. Stay-at-home Mothers in the Industrial Nuclear Family
The ideal was the Industrial Nuclear Family
However, by the beginning of the 20th century it was unusual for married women to work outside the home and the ones who did received 1/3 less than the family wage earned by men for the same work
20/11/2018

22. Early 20th Century Family
Delayed marriage until they could afford their own home
Children had to be supported until they finished school
Husband as provider, head of home, link between family and society
__________________ was formed
20/11/2018

23. The Modern Consumer Family
_______________________ – not fully a woman until you have become a mother
Gender stereotypes at its highest point
Children were disciplined but protected from the hardships of the adult world
Adolescence emerged as a distinct age because of extension of schooling into the teenage years
Stereotypical modern family
20/11/2018

24. The Contemporary Canadian Family
Please take your own notes on the following: (pg )
The past 50 years
Transitional family
Dual income family
Blended family
Changes in the Individual and Family Behaviour
The future of the Family
20/11/2018