1. Tissue, organs and organ systems
Foundations in Biology
Block 1B – Cell division, cell diversity and cellular organisation 2.1.6
Tissue, organs and organ systems

2. SPEC

3. Tissues, organs and organ systems
Learning Objectives
Success Criteria
Know the organisation of cells into tissues Grade D-E
describe the organisation of cells into tissues, organs and organ systems Grade C
explain role of tissues and organs Grade A
To describe the organisation of tissues, organs and organ systems

4. Animal tissues – Read through 157-156
Tissue type
Brief description
Adaptation
Examples
Nervous tissue
Adapted to support the transmission of electrical impulses
Made up of neurones
Found throughout the CNS and branching peripheral nervous system
Muscle tissue
Adapted to contract (shorten in length) and cause movement
Highly vascularised. Cells are called fibres, elongated, they contain organelles called myofilaments made of contractile proteins actin and myosin.
Skeletal – attached to bone
Cardiac – makes up walls of heart
Smooth – intestine, blood vessels, urinary tract and uterus
Connective tissue
Adapted to either hold other tissues together or as a transport medium
Firm and flexible composed of fibres of proteins elastin and collagen, and polysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, traps water) embedded in an extracellular matrix.
Blood, bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments.
Epithelial tissue
Adapted to cover body surfaces, internal or external
Cells form sheets connected by tight junctions and desosomes. They receive nutrients by diffusion from tissue fluid.
Short life cycles.
Ciliated – cilia on surface, mucus swept from lungs. Has goblet cells- release mucus to trap pathogens
Squamous - One cell thick – flat = rapid diffusion

5. Plant tissues – Read through Pages 159-160
Tissue type
Brief description
Adaptation
Epidermis tissue
Adapted to cover plant surfaces
Usually covered by waxy, waterproof cuticle. Stomata, formed by guard cells.
Vascular tissue – Xylem
Adapted to transport water and minerals
Elongated dead cells, strengthened by lignin.
Vascular tissue - phloem
Adapted to transport organic nutrients ie. sucrose
Composed of sieve tubes cells separated by perforated walls called sieve plates
Meristematic tissue
Found at root shoots and tips, and in the cambium of vascular bundles called meristems.
Contains stem cells, so they can divide and differentiate into other types of cells. They have thin walls containing little cellulose, and do not have chloroplasts or a large vacuole
Task – complete plant/animal cell structure function sheet – Read Page – help

6. Organs and organ systems
Read through page 161
Answer questions 1-3

7. Plenary
Compare and contrast ciliated and squamous epithelium (4 marks)
Squamous epithelium is smooth (1) and forms the inside of blood vessels and alveoli (1) Ciliated epithelium contains cilia and goblet cells (1) and lines the trachea and bronchi (1)