1. Monday - 8/29/16 Agenda Turn in atmosphere foldable/questions
QOD
Name the layer of the atmosphere that
Is home to the ozone layer
Is the cause of the aurora borealis
Is where global climate change occurs
Is where most weather takes place
Agenda
Turn in atmosphere foldable/questions
Weather/Climate notes
Webquest
** Fire drill at 9:30 **

2. What are the 2 main factors that determine a region’s climate?
Tuesday - 8/30/16
Question of the Day
What are the 2 main factors that determine a region’s climate?
What is the cause of the seasons?
Agenda
Finish webquest
El Nino notes
Water notes
Case study

3. Finish atmosphere foldable Weather/Climate intro notes
Thursday - 2/2/17
QOD
Describe 2 soil conservation methods designed to reduce the rate of erosion.
Agenda
Finish atmosphere foldable
Atmosphere notes
Weather/Climate intro notes
El Nino Webquest

4. What is the most common gas in the earth’s atmosphere?
Friday - 2/3/17
QOD
What is the most common gas in the earth’s atmosphere?
Which two are the predominant factors that determine a region’s climate?
Agenda
Finish webquest
Notes
Work on practice questions
Review and finish notes on Monday - test is Tuesday

5. Work on practice questions/review for test tomorrow
Monday – 2/6/17
QOD
A soil with a pH of 5.4 is considered ________, and should have _______ added.
a. acid; lime
b. acid; sulfur
c. acid; fertilizer
d. base; sulfur
e. base; lime
Agenda
Finish notes
Work on practice questions/review for test tomorrow

6. Interactions Between the Atmosphere & Hydrosphere
Weather & Climate

7. The Earth’s Life-Support System Has Four Major Components (The 4 “Spheres”)
Atmosphere: The Air
Hydrosphere: The Water
Geosphere (Lithosphere): The Land/Rock
Biosphere: The Life

8. Vegetation and animals Biosphere Crust Lithosphere Mantle Biosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Soil
Rock
Crust
Lithosphere
Mantle
Biosphere
(living organisms)
Atmosphere
(air)
Figure 3.6
Natural capital: general structure of the earth showing that it consists of a land sphere, air sphere, water sphere, and life sphere.
Core
Mantle
Crust
(soil and rock)
Geosphere
(crust, mantle, core)
Hydrosphere
(water)
Fig. 3-6, p. 55

9. Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere (most dense)
Weather occurs here
Temp. decreases
Stratosphere
Contains the ozone layer
Temp. increase due to UV
absorption
Mesosphere
Where meteors burn up
Thermosphere
Where the aurora borealis
occurs

10. Composition of the Atmosphere
Nitrogen (78%)
Oxygen (21%)
Argon (1%)
Other (Water, Ozone,
Carbon Dioxide)

11. Solar radiation Lower Stratosphere (ozone layer) Greenhouse effect
Reflected by
atmosphere
Radiated by
atmosphere
as heat
UV radiation
Lower Stratosphere
(ozone layer)
Most
absorbed
by ozone
Troposphere
Visible
light
Heat radiated
by the earth
Heat
Figure 3.8
Solar capital: flow of energy to and from the earth. See an animation based on this figure at CengageNOW.
Absorbed
by the earth
Greenhouse
effect
Fig. 3-8, p. 56

12. Greenhouse Gases Warm the Lower Atmosphere
GLOBAL WARMING (& Greenhouse Effect) has NOTHING to do with the OZONE LAYER!!
Greenhouse gases
H2O
CO2
CH4
N2O
Nitrogen and Oxygen (99% of atmosphere are NOT greenhouse gases)
Greenhouse effect = GOOD!!
Human-enhanced global warming “global climate change” (BAD)

13. Questions for you!! Write down your responses!
What is weather?
Name some characteristics of weather.
What is climate?
What causes the seasons?
What causes wind?
What causes ocean currents?
How can mountains, lakes, or oceans affect the local climate of an area?

14. 1. What is weather?
Weather is a local area’s short term conditions (we’re talking hours or days at a time).

15. 2. Name some characteristics of weather.
Temperature
Precipitation
Humidity
Wind speed & direction
Cloud cover
Pressure
Other physical conditions of the lower atmosphere (TROPOSPHERE)

16. 3. What is climate?
Climate is an areas general pattern of atmospheric weather conditions measured over long periods of time (decades to thousands of years)
Two most important factors are:
Temperature & Precipitation
“Climate is what we expect, weather is what we get” – Mark Twain

17. Natural Capital: Generalized Map of the Earth’s Current Climate Zones

18. El Nino/La Nina
Change in climate around equator/Pacific Ocean (occurs every few years)
Results in wetter winters in SE US and drought in Indonesia and Australia
Decline in fish
populations
Video: El Nino

20. El Nino
Normal conditions – Trade winds blow to the west from South America to Asia in Pacific Ocean – winds pile up warm surface water off Asia – cooler water off South America
El Nino – Trade winds relax = reduce cool water buildup off South America = rise in surface water temperature
Rainfall follows warm water eastward with drought in Indonesia and Australia

21. 4. What causes the seasons?
Seasons are caused by the variation in the intensity of solar radiation due to the tilt of the earth.
In summer we (Northern Hemisphere) are tilted toward the sun
In winter we are tilted away

22. 5. What causes wind?
Air moves from high to low pressure but is deflected to the right in the N. hemisphere and to the left in the S. hemisphere due to Earth’s rotation
Wind flows around the high and low pressure =
Prevailing winds

23. Global Air Circulation
Video: Air Circulation

24. 6. What causes ocean currents?
The currents are driven by:
Prevailing winds
The earth’s rotation
Redistribution of heat from the sun
The EAC from “Nemo”

25. Coriolis Effect
Objects travelling longitudinally will deflect to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere

26. Connected Deep and Shallow Ocean Currents
Video: Motion in the Ocean

27. Does the Coriolis effect really make toilets flush “backward in Australia”
If they did, it would be because of the Coriolis effect – but toilets are far too small and flush too quickly to be influenced by this force.
Really… it depends on the shape of the bowl (angles of water entry and exit)
MYTH – BUSTED!

28. Global Air Circulation

29. Surface features affect local climate
7. How can mountains, lakes, or oceans affect the local climate of an area?
Surface features affect local climate
Mountains
Windward: rainy (Seattle)
Leeward: dry (Death Valley)
Rain Shadow Effect
Lakes
Snow
Lake Effect Snow (cold dry air passes over warmer water)
Oceans
Sea Breezes & Moderate climates
Even cities can create a “microclimate”

30. Rain Shadow Effect

31. Interaction Between Climate (Atmosphere & Hydrosphere) & The Biosphere
Chapter 7: How does Climate Effect Terrestrial Biodiversity

32. Core Case Study: Connections between Wind, Climate, and Biomes
Everything we do affects some other part of the biosphere!!
Wind
Indirect form of solar energy
Circulates
Heat
Moisture
Plant nutrients
Soil particles
Long-lived air pollutants

33. Dust Blown from West Africa to the Amazonian Rain Forests

34. There is a link between air circulation, ocean currents, and biomes
REVIEW
Air circulation in the lower atmosphere due to
Uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun
Rotation of the earth on its axis
Properties of air, water, and land
Currents
Prevailing winds
Earth’s rotation
Redistribution of heat from the sun

35. Energy Transfer by Convection in the Atmosphere
Heat released radiates to space
Condensation and precipitation
Cool, dry air
Falls, is compressed, warms
Rises, expands, cools
Warm, dry air
Hot, wet air
Figure 7.4
Energy transfer by convection in the atmosphere. Convection occurs when hot and wet warm air rises, cools, and releases heat and moisture as precipitation (right side). Then the denser cool, dry air sinks, gets warmer, and picks up moisture as it flows across the earth’s surface to begin the cycle again.
Flows toward low pressure, picks up moisture and heat
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
Moist surface warmed by sun
Fig. 7-4, p. 143

36. Global Air Circulation, Ocean Currents, and Biomes

37. Interaction of Convection Cells, Prevailing Winds and Ocean Currents