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Monday - 8/29/16 Agenda Turn in atmosphere foldable/questions

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Presentation on theme: "Monday - 8/29/16 Agenda Turn in atmosphere foldable/questions"— Presentation transcript:

1 Monday - 8/29/16 Agenda Turn in atmosphere foldable/questions
QOD Name the layer of the atmosphere that Is home to the ozone layer Is the cause of the aurora borealis Is where global climate change occurs Is where most weather takes place Agenda Turn in atmosphere foldable/questions Weather/Climate notes Webquest ** Fire drill at 9:30 **

2 What are the 2 main factors that determine a region’s climate?
Tuesday - 8/30/16 Question of the Day What are the 2 main factors that determine a region’s climate? What is the cause of the seasons? Agenda Finish webquest El Nino notes Water notes Case study

3 Finish atmosphere foldable Weather/Climate intro notes
Thursday - 2/2/17 QOD Describe 2 soil conservation methods designed to reduce the rate of erosion. Agenda Finish atmosphere foldable Atmosphere notes Weather/Climate intro notes El Nino Webquest

4 What is the most common gas in the earth’s atmosphere?
Friday - 2/3/17 QOD What is the most common gas in the earth’s atmosphere? Which two are the predominant factors that determine a region’s climate? Agenda Finish webquest Notes Work on practice questions Review and finish notes on Monday - test is Tuesday

5 Work on practice questions/review for test tomorrow
Monday – 2/6/17 QOD A soil with a pH of 5.4 is considered ________, and should have _______ added. a. acid; lime b. acid; sulfur c. acid; fertilizer d. base; sulfur e. base; lime Agenda Finish notes Work on practice questions/review for test tomorrow

6 Interactions Between the Atmosphere & Hydrosphere
Weather & Climate

7 The Earth’s Life-Support System Has Four Major Components (The 4 “Spheres”)
Atmosphere: The Air Hydrosphere: The Water Geosphere (Lithosphere): The Land/Rock Biosphere: The Life

8 Vegetation and animals Biosphere Crust Lithosphere Mantle Biosphere
Atmosphere Biosphere Soil Rock Crust Lithosphere Mantle Biosphere (living organisms) Atmosphere (air) Figure 3.6 Natural capital: general structure of the earth showing that it consists of a land sphere, air sphere, water sphere, and life sphere. Core Mantle Crust (soil and rock) Geosphere (crust, mantle, core) Hydrosphere (water) Fig. 3-6, p. 55

9 Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere (most dense) Weather occurs here Temp. decreases Stratosphere Contains the ozone layer Temp. increase due to UV absorption Mesosphere Where meteors burn up Thermosphere Where the aurora borealis occurs

10 Composition of the Atmosphere
Nitrogen (78%) Oxygen (21%) Argon (1%) Other (Water, Ozone, Carbon Dioxide)

11 Solar radiation Lower Stratosphere (ozone layer) Greenhouse effect
Reflected by atmosphere Radiated by atmosphere as heat UV radiation Lower Stratosphere (ozone layer) Most absorbed by ozone Troposphere Visible light Heat radiated by the earth Heat Figure 3.8 Solar capital: flow of energy to and from the earth. See an animation based on this figure at CengageNOW. Absorbed by the earth Greenhouse effect Fig. 3-8, p. 56

12 Greenhouse Gases Warm the Lower Atmosphere
GLOBAL WARMING (& Greenhouse Effect) has NOTHING to do with the OZONE LAYER!! Greenhouse gases H2O CO2 CH4 N2O Nitrogen and Oxygen (99% of atmosphere are NOT greenhouse gases) Greenhouse effect = GOOD!! Human-enhanced global warming “global climate change” (BAD)

13 Questions for you!! Write down your responses!
What is weather? Name some characteristics of weather. What is climate? What causes the seasons? What causes wind? What causes ocean currents? How can mountains, lakes, or oceans affect the local climate of an area?

14 1. What is weather? Weather is a local area’s short term conditions (we’re talking hours or days at a time).

15 2. Name some characteristics of weather.
Temperature Precipitation Humidity Wind speed & direction Cloud cover Pressure Other physical conditions of the lower atmosphere (TROPOSPHERE)

16 3. What is climate? Climate is an areas general pattern of atmospheric weather conditions measured over long periods of time (decades to thousands of years) Two most important factors are: Temperature & Precipitation “Climate is what we expect, weather is what we get” – Mark Twain

17 Natural Capital: Generalized Map of the Earth’s Current Climate Zones

18 El Nino/La Nina Change in climate around equator/Pacific Ocean (occurs every few years) Results in wetter winters in SE US and drought in Indonesia and Australia Decline in fish populations Video: El Nino

19

20 El Nino Normal conditions – Trade winds blow to the west from South America to Asia in Pacific Ocean – winds pile up warm surface water off Asia – cooler water off South America El Nino – Trade winds relax = reduce cool water buildup off South America = rise in surface water temperature Rainfall follows warm water eastward with drought in Indonesia and Australia

21 4. What causes the seasons?
Seasons are caused by the variation in the intensity of solar radiation due to the tilt of the earth. In summer we (Northern Hemisphere) are tilted toward the sun In winter we are tilted away

22 5. What causes wind? Air moves from high to low pressure but is deflected to the right in the N. hemisphere and to the left in the S. hemisphere due to Earth’s rotation Wind flows around the high and low pressure = Prevailing winds

23 Global Air Circulation
Video: Air Circulation

24 6. What causes ocean currents?
The currents are driven by: Prevailing winds The earth’s rotation Redistribution of heat from the sun The EAC from “Nemo”

25 Coriolis Effect Objects travelling longitudinally will deflect to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere

26 Connected Deep and Shallow Ocean Currents
Video: Motion in the Ocean

27 Does the Coriolis effect really make toilets flush “backward in Australia”
If they did, it would be because of the Coriolis effect – but toilets are far too small and flush too quickly to be influenced by this force. Really… it depends on the shape of the bowl (angles of water entry and exit) MYTH – BUSTED!

28 Global Air Circulation

29 Surface features affect local climate
7. How can mountains, lakes, or oceans affect the local climate of an area? Surface features affect local climate Mountains Windward: rainy (Seattle) Leeward: dry (Death Valley) Rain Shadow Effect Lakes Snow Lake Effect Snow (cold dry air passes over warmer water) Oceans Sea Breezes & Moderate climates Even cities can create a “microclimate”

30 Rain Shadow Effect

31 Interaction Between Climate (Atmosphere & Hydrosphere) & The Biosphere
Chapter 7: How does Climate Effect Terrestrial Biodiversity

32 Core Case Study: Connections between Wind, Climate, and Biomes
Everything we do affects some other part of the biosphere!! Wind Indirect form of solar energy Circulates Heat Moisture Plant nutrients Soil particles Long-lived air pollutants

33 Dust Blown from West Africa to the Amazonian Rain Forests

34 There is a link between air circulation, ocean currents, and biomes
REVIEW Air circulation in the lower atmosphere due to Uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun Rotation of the earth on its axis Properties of air, water, and land Currents Prevailing winds Earth’s rotation Redistribution of heat from the sun

35 Energy Transfer by Convection in the Atmosphere
Heat released radiates to space Condensation and precipitation Cool, dry air Falls, is compressed, warms Rises, expands, cools Warm, dry air Hot, wet air Figure 7.4 Energy transfer by convection in the atmosphere. Convection occurs when hot and wet warm air rises, cools, and releases heat and moisture as precipitation (right side). Then the denser cool, dry air sinks, gets warmer, and picks up moisture as it flows across the earth’s surface to begin the cycle again. Flows toward low pressure, picks up moisture and heat HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE Moist surface warmed by sun Fig. 7-4, p. 143

36 Global Air Circulation, Ocean Currents, and Biomes

37 Interaction of Convection Cells, Prevailing Winds and Ocean Currents


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