1. Political Geography
Key Issue 4

2. Key Issue 4 Why Do States Cooperate And Compete With Each Other?
CLICK TO WATCH

3. Cold War Competition and Alliances
LEARN MORE
Division of world into military alliances resulted from the emergence of two superpowers- U.S. and Soviet Union.
1944North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 16 democratic states, including the U.S., Canada, and 14 other European states.
1955 Warsaw Pact Military agreement among 8 communist Eastern European countries to defend each other in case of attack.
CLICK TO WATCH

4. Then and Now… Europe Military And Economic Alliances

5. NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Designed to the balance of power in Europe.
NATO’s Objective: prevent the spread of communism by the Soviet Union.
Warsaw Pact Objective: reinforce communist dominance AND provide buffer states between the Soviet Union and Germany to discourage a third German invasion of the Soviet Union in the 20th century.
NOTE! Warsaw Pact disbanded in 1991 after the fall of the USSR.

6. NATO and the Paris Bombings November 2015

7. Supranational: European Union (EU)
CLICK TO WATCH
Original EEC members Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, & West Germany
Purpose: Heal Western Europe’s scars from WWII, strengthen economic ties between countries
1958
2016
DRAW then add notes along your timeline as you watch the video

8. The EU in the 21st Century
Main task of the EU is to promote development within member states through economic and political cooperation.
Eurozone
Common currency established- the euro
Most dramatic step toward integrating Europe’s nation-states into a regional organization.
European Central Bank given responsibility of setting interest rates and minimizing inflation throughout the Eurozone.

9. Supranationalism: EU Challenges
Political Geography-Chapter Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe
Supranationalism: EU Challenges
Disparities in levels of economic development
Loss of autonomy
Bureaucracy
Technical barriers
Cultural barriers
Devolution
centrifugal political forces
Spring Political Organization of Space

11. Other International Organizations
Purpose
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Oil pricing cartel
North American Free Trade Agreement
Free-trade zone
Organization of African Unity
Regional diplomacy
World Bank
Government Loans

12. Terrorism by Individuals and Organizations
Terrorism is the systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands.
Differs from other acts of political violence
Attacks aimed at ordinary people rather than military or political leaders.

13. Distinctive Characteristics Of Terrorists
achieve objectives by bombing, kidnapping, hijacking, taking of hostages, and assassination.
Viewing violence as a means of bringing widespread publicity to their cause.
Believing in a cause so strongly they attack even if they die in the act.

14. State Support for Terrorism
Several Middle Eastern states have supported for terrorism in recent years
Providing sanctuary for terrorists wanted by other countries (Afghanistan and probably Pakistan have provided sanctuary for al-Qaeda terrorists.)
Supplying weapons, money, and intelligence to terrorists
Planning attacks using terrorists
Recent additions to EU were members from the disbanded COMECON

15. State Sponsored Terrorism

16. Supplying Terrorists Iraq Iran
U.S. asserted that Saddam Hussein had close links with al-Qaeda- led to war with Iraq
Iran
U.S. Accusations
Harboring al-Qaeda members
Trying to gain influence in Iraq
U.S. and other countries feared Iran’s development of a nuclear program was intended to develop weapons.
Recent additions to EU were members from the disbanded COMECON

17. Narcoterrorism

18. Summary Earth’s land area is divided into nearly 200 states.
It is impossible to find a perfect match between the boundaries of a state and the area inhabited by a single ethnicity.
States are separated by boundaries, which are either physical or cultural.
Competition among states has been replaced in some regions by economic alliances, especially in Europe.

19. Excellent Review!
of-states/