1. Sustainable built Environment
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment
Sustainable built Environment
Chapter 1 Sustainable Buildings – Motivation, Theory and Practice

2. Scope for sustainable buildings in the future
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Motivation for Sustainable Buildings
Contents
1.3
Theory, Practice and Barriers
1.4
Scope for sustainable buildings in the future

3. 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 What is sustainability
The Meaning of Sustainable Building
1.1.3
The Principles of Sustainable Development
1.1.4
Strategy of Sustainable Development in China

4. Technology Nature environment Economic system Social environment
The protection and reinforcement of the productive and renewal ability of environment system
Cleaner or more effective technology
What is sustainability ？
Economic system
Social environment
Increasing welfare of contemporary generations as well as not reducing that of future generations.
Improving human life quality within the capacity of the ecosystem

5. 1.1.1 What is sustainability？ Definition in“our common future”
Sustainable development is a development which meets the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generation to meet their own needs
Definition in“our common future”
Need
Limitation
The conditions for maintaining an acceptable standard of life for all people
The capacity of the environment to fulfil the needs of the present and the future, determined by the state of technology and social organisation
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6. Milestones for sustainable development and related environmental protocols
Time
Event
1972
Report on “Development Constraints”
Declaration on the Human Environment (UN Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm)
1979
Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (European Parliament)
Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) (UN)
1980
World Conservation Strategy (IUCN)
Global 2000 Report (USA)
1983
Helsinki Convention on Air Quality (UN)
UN Conference on Environment and Development
1987
The Prohibition against the Use of Ozone-depleting Substances (Montreal Protocol) (UN)
Our Common Future" (Brundtland Report)
1990
The Green Paper on the Urban Environment (EU)
1992
Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (UN)
Our Common Heritage (by UK)
1994
Establishment of the European Environment Agency (EEA) (EU)
1997
Kyoto Global Climate Conference

7. Social factors 1.1.2 The Meaning of Sustainable Building ●Ecology
●Training
●Community
●Fairness
●Diversity of culture
Social
Social factors
Technology
Environment
●Energy technology
●Process
●Design
●New technique
/telecommunication
●Capital of culture
●Health
●Energy
●Water
●Resource、future
●Diversity of culture

8. Design factors Energy 1.1.2 The Meaning of Sustainable Building
● Production
●Consumption
●Utilization rate
●Renewable resource
Energy
Design factors
Environment
Ecology
●Land
● Water
● Beautiful
● Air quality
● Global health
● Personal health
● Life cycle assessment
● Biodiversity
● Tropical rainforest
● Recycling
● Create wildlife
● Living environment

9. 1.1.3 The principles of sustainable development
Fairness
Fairness between successive generations and contemporaries
Sustainability
Maintain productivity when the ecosystem is disturbed
Harmony
To promote harmony among human brings and between humanity and nature
Need
Satisfy all people's basic needs and provide opportunities
The principles of sustainable development
High efficiency
Based on economic productivity and the degree to which people’s basic needs are satisfied.
Gradualness
Conceals a step process from a low to a high level.

10. 1.1.4 Strategy of Sustainable Development in China
Energy con-servation and pollutants reduction
Resource-Efficient and Environment-Friendly society
Green Economy and Low-carbon Economy
《China’s
Agenda 21》
Ecological civilization
1994
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2009
2011
2013
Ecological civilization
Greening the Economy Transition
Scientific Outlook on Development
Harmonious society

11. 1.1.4 Strategy of Sustainable Development in China
An underpinning economic system for resource conservation and intensive production
An active programme to provide a regionally-balanced social system and social justice
Intensify scientific and technical system of enhancing international competitive power
A system for controlling air pollution, water pollution and solid waste pollution
An ecology system of promoting and maintaining natural productivity level
A system for controlling the size of the population and improving the level of education
A policy for reasonable behaviour and a system for democratic decision-making

12. Scope for sustainable buildings in the future
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Motivation for Sustainable Buildings
Contents
1.3
Theory, Practice and Barriers
1.4
Scope for sustainable buildings in the future

13. A B C 1.2 Motivation for Sustainable Buildings
Impact of adverse indoor environment on human health. A
Motivation for Sustainable Buildings B C
Impact of buildings on the earth environment.
Impact of buildings on the resources.

14. 1.2.1 The impact of buildings on human health
Harmful aspects of buildings to human health
Harm prevention of buildings on human health

15. Harmful aspects Harm Prevention — noise pollution, air
◆ Exterior environment
◆ Owner/Occupants
—Know and choose health harmless
— noise pollution, air
pollution, water pollution,
visual pollution and so on.
◆ Designers and procurement staff
—Obliged to select and purchase
◆ Interior environment
— Legionnaires’ disease
— Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
— Exposure to Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
— Exposure to radon
— Microbial contamination
— Passive exposure to tobacco smoke
— Exposure to suspended particulate
matter
◆ Equipment and material manufactures
—Responsibility to ensure occupants
health
◆ Government departments
—Formulate relevant practical and
useful regulations
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16. Pic1. Risks to human health and the degree of control
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17. 1.2.2 Impact of buildings on the earth environment
Architecture and global environmental issues:
Take some examples:
Fossil fuel energy production
Used in the production of building materials
Be consumed in the construction process
Be consumed by occupants of the building during the building life style
Ozone Depleting is one of Global environmental problems caused by
buildings
《Montreal Protocol》 Create the conditions for the elimination of
chlorofluorocarbons
Ecological destruction, destruction of biodiversity, depletion of freshwater , etc
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18. 1.2.2.2 Architecture VS. urban and regional environmental pollution
Gas, water, solid waste of Construction emissions is a large proportion of the whole society emissions
Solution
Minimize waste generation while maximizing recycling and use of waste
Pic2. Building-related environment burdens
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19. Resource Problems Caused by Buildings
1.2.3 Impact of buildings on the resources.
Oil :At the end of 2012 , reserves of about 1.8 ten thousand billion barrels of
global oil ,reserves available for 46 years
Coal : In 2010, the world's proven reserves of 1083 billion tons , reserves
available for 200 years
Natural gas :By the end of 2007, the world's proven reserves of ten
thousand billion cubic feet, reserves available for 60 years
Buildings and land resources
Buildings and water resources
Buildings and energy
Buildings and material resources
Resource Problems Caused by Buildings
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20. Pic3. Building material consumption classification
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21. Land Conservation Water Conservation
Energy Conservation
Energy conservation,
Material Conservation
Expanded use of non-fuel energy and renewable energy
Try using a small impact on the environment of the material;and a material capable of recycling
Goals of Four Conservations
Land Conservation
Water Conservation
Meet the prerequisite requirements for human habitation under the building number, try to save the land
Conserve water and reduce waste water discharge, try to be harmless treatment
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22. Scope for sustainable buildings in the future
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Motivation for Sustainable Buildings
Contents
1.3
Theory, Practice and Barriers
1.4
Scope for sustainable buildings in the future
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23. 1.3 Theory, Practice and Barriers
1.3.1
Concept of Sustainable Development in the History of Architecture
1.3.2
Sustainable building theory and practice
1.3.3
Sustainable building design and technical support
1.3.4
Barriers to Sustainable Building in Developing Countries
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24. 1.3.1 Concept of Sustainable Development in the History of Architecture
Sustainable Development in the History of Architecture in Asian countries 1
“Geomancy”：Astronomical phenomena，natural phenomena，
human activities.
Sustainable Development in the History of Architecture in European Countries 2
Tend to “measure” sustainable development. High standard,
High consumption.
Sustainable Development in contemporary design 3
Health is the eternal topic.
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25. 1.3.2 Sustainable building theory and practice
Sim Van der Ryn: The Ecological Design Institute
and “Ecological Design” 1
John Todd: “From Eco-Cities to Living Machine:
Principles of Ecological Design” 2
David Pearson: “The Gaia Natural House Book” 3
The Ahwahnee Principles 4
William McDonough: “The Hannover Principles” 5
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26. 6 7 8 9 10 US National Park Service: “Guiding Principles of
Sustainable Design” 6
Brenda and Robert Vale: “Green Architecture –
Design for a Sustainable Future” 7
Ken Yeang: “Designing with Nature” 8
Ian L. McHarg: “Design with Nature” 9
David R. Brower : “Green Plans: Footprint for
Sustainable Development” 10
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27. The Ecological Design Institute and “Ecological Design”
Sim Van der Ryn:
Solutions grow from place
Ecological accounting
The Ecological Design Institute and “Ecological Design”
Design with nature
Everyone is a designer
Make nature visible
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28. John Todd:
Design should obey but not violate nature
Design should reflect the regional distribution of biology
Renewable energy and resources
Concern ecosystem and sustainable development
Resume the recovery of the planet
The ecosphere is the matrix of all designs
“From Eco-Cities to Living Machine: Principles of Ecological Design”
Design should coordinate with the natural environment
Design should comply with the sacred eco-system
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29. “The Gaia Natural House Book”
David Pearson:
Design for harmony with the planet 1
“The Gaia Natural House Book”
Design for peace of the spirit
Design for health of the body
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30. The Ahwahnee Principles （1）
“All planning should be in the form of complete and integrated communities.”
“Community size should be designed within easy walking distance .”
“Many activities should be located close to transit stops.”
“A community should contain a diversity of housing types.”
“Provide workplaces for the community's residents to work happily.”
“The location and character consistent with a larger transit network.”
“Provide a centre focus that combines commercial, civic, cultural and recreational uses.”
“Provide sufficient open space serve as squares, greens and parks.”
“Public spaces should be attractive day and night.”
“A well-defined edge of agricultural greenbelts or wildlife corridors.”
“A advanced design of streets, pedestrian paths and bike paths.”
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31. The Ahwahnee Principles （2）
“Keep the original natural form as far as possible.”
“Communities should ensure the efficient utilization of water.”
“The street orientation, the placement of buildings and the use of shading should contribute to the energy efficiency of the community.”
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32. William McDonough: “The Hannover Principles”
Insist on the rights of humanity and nature to co-exist
Recognize interdependence
Respect relationships between spirit and matter
Responsible for the design results
Create safe objects of long-term value
Eliminate the concept of waste
Rely on natural energy flows
Understand the limitations of design
Seek constant improvement by the sharing of knowledge
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33. Guiding Principles of Sustainable Design
US National Park Service: “Guiding Principles of Sustainable Design”
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AIA、 ASLA、 National Park and Conservation Association、 NOAA、 Greenpeace
Natural resources、 cultural resources、base design、 architectural design、 energy use、 treatment of water and waste
Guiding Principles of Sustainable Design
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34. 2. Design with the climate
Brenda and Robert Vale: “Green Architecture - Design for a Sustainable Future”
1.Save energy
2. Design with the climate
3. Recycle energy and materials
4. Respect the users
5. Respect the underlying environment
6. Holistic design
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35. 1 2 3 4 Ken Yeang: “Designing with Nature”
The impact generated by inputs during Eco-design system life cycle 2
The impact generated by outputs during Eco-design system life cycle 3
The impact generated by their own activities and the users during Eco-design system life cycle 4
The impact generated by the location and environment of Eco-design system
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36. 1 2 3 Ian L. McHarg: “Design with Nature”
He proposed ways of adapting to nature and put forward the possibility and necessity of creating an ecological human environment. 1
Using ecological theory, he proved the interdependent relationship of man and nature and criticised the assumption that man is at the centre. 2 3
He proposed the "adaptation" principle.
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37. David R. Brower : “Green Plans: Greenprint for Sustainability”
Multidisciplinary resource management
Integrating environment and economics
Making effective management
Using information and technology
Goals, timelines and monitoring
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38. 1.3.3 Sustainable Building Design and Technical Support
The importance of building design in sustainable events 2
The building system and architectural design review 3
The building system of technical support
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39. Sustainable Building Practices Technology Technology Enterprise
Construction、Equipment Material Production Company
Research、Education、Spreading
Sustainable
Building
Practices
People
Organizations
Government agencies、Non-governmental Organizations
Owners and Users
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40. The Architectural Design
Design is the decision of the forefront of building life cycle. A
Architectural design is to integrate the various applicable equipment materials
The Architectural Design B C
The designers can be adverse effects on the sustainable building practices.
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41. The most important role in the sustainable building practices.So
Then
Because
Insufficient driving force to promote sustainable buildings
Education and knowledge in the school
The rapid development
of the China's construction market
Pressure haven't passed to the design and construction market
No time and energy
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42. Theoretical System and Standards
Building as a product of human activity, with human beings, are seen as part of the earth's ecological system
The influence of construction on the environment and resources also need to consider to our Posterity.
The parts of the building, or subsystems constitute an integral building system.
With human
With Posterity
With building
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43. Design is one of the most important link in building life cycle.
The realization of the sustainable building from design, to a great extent is decided by the design.
Architectural design includes the function of a house design, to design the building in its life cycle of resource consumption.
The connotation of the architectural design must include architectural space, retaining structure and the design of system.
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44. The practice of the sustainable building in the world is not perfect, there are many reasons resulted in the progress of sustainable building
Design
Thinking
General construction and its system as a whole, and as the whole human beings - part of the earth's.
In China, "technology" factors is regarded as a supplementary means or work, and therefore impossible to organic with "architectural design" together.
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45. 1.3.4 Barriers to Sustainable Building in Developing Countries
Appearance of contrast
Traditional Architectural
Western Modern Architecture
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46. Lack of awareness and knowledge of sustainable building
Pursuit of economic growth has led to the prevalence of these problems in developing countries for sustainable building
Lack of awareness and knowledge of sustainable building
Lack of powerful promoting policies, laws and regulations
Lack of effective promotion and communication of new technologies
Lack of systematic criteria/standards
Lack of rigorous administration and supervision system
Lack of reasonable structure of energy and resources
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47. Contents 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Introduction
Motivation for Sustainable Buildings
Contents
1.3
Theory, Practice and Barriers
1.4
Scope for sustainable buildings in the future
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48. 1.4 Scope for sustainable buildings in the future
Introduction
1.4.1
Evaluation and Certification for Environmental Performance of Building with Its Products
1.4.2
Innovation of Building Design Method and Simulation Technology of Building Performance
1.4.3
New Building Materials & Equipment and Energy Systems
1.4.4
Construction and Operational Management
1.4.5
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

49. Introduction
Evaluation and Certification for Environmental Performance
Innovation of Building Design Method
New conception and knowledge for sustainable building practices
Simulation Technology of Building Performance
New Building Materials
Equipment and Energy Systems
Construction and Operational Management
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

50. 1.4.2 Evaluation and Certification for Environmental Performance of Building with Its Products
LEED by USGBC
GBTool by GBC
Evaluation System of Environmental Performance
BREEAM by BRE
CASBEE by JSBC
GOBAS
GB/T
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

51. 1.4.2.2 Certification for Environmental Performance of Building Products
Method
Influence
Difficulty
It is tested through laboratory experiment for the performance in energy conservation, environmental protection and other aspects.
It is a kind of tendency that will generate great impact on sustainable building practices.
It is difficult to be certificated and implemented due to its scientific nature and operability.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment
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52. 1.4.2.3 Indoor Environmental Quality of Building
Development
Requirement
Traditional building environment refers to the basic environment of building, including sound, light and heat.
Thermal environment has evolved into thermal comfort.
Indoor air environment becomes the most influential factors of building indoor environment.
Correct understanding of the indoor environment and its impact on human health, comfort and productivity.
Mastering the implements in building design, construction and operation management measures.
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

53. 1.4.4 New Building Materials & Equipment and Energy Systems
Traditional
Traditional building design method is a kind of linearization design process.
Building Design Method
Integrated
Integrated building design method find the optimal results in multi-disciplinary cooperation.
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

54. 1.4.3.2 Simulation and Analysis for Building Environment and Energy
Building energy simulation software is the most important tool for building energy design.
Property
Application
Examples
Building simulation software follows the requires of indoor environment to select in different programs.
DOE2
DeST
CFD
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

55. 1.4.4 New Building Materials & Equipment and Energy Systems
Natural ventilation
Natural lighting
Passive Building Technology
Evaporative cooling
Envelope insulation and shading
Passive solar energy utilization
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

56. 1.4.4 New Building Materials & Equipment and Energy Systems
Solar energy
Geothermal energy
Utilization of Renewable Energy
Wind power
Biomass energy
Waste heat
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

57. Mechanical Properties and Durability Environmental Performance
Environment-friendly Building Materials and Energy-saving Equipment Systems
Traditional
Mechanical Properties and Durability
Building Materials
Sustainable
Environmental Performance
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

58. Equipment Systems Function Improvement
Building indoor environmental control
Domestic water supply and vertical transport.
Energy conservation
Environmental Performance
Current Situation
Future Development
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

59. 1.4.4.4 Energy Performance Contracting
Building
Energy
System
Complex System Combina-tions
Long Process
Hard to Evaluate
Energy Performance Contracting Method
In building or remodeling project :
Engineering contractor will be responsible for construction and the procurement.
The owners only care about the final energy conservation.
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

60. Intelligent Building Technology
Building automation system
Security system
Intelligent Building Technology
Fire system
Office automation system
Communications automation system
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

61. 1.4.5 Construction and Operational Management
Question
Solution
The owners ’ own departments and personnel are difficult to be professional and systematical.
Traditional supervision company mainly supervise technical measures of the construction.
Frist, consulting company need professional experience.
In the test run before the link, the company should offer on-site support and document archiving.
After that, the company need to provide the operation and maintenance guide.
Construction Process Monitoring
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62. Green Construction and Operation & Maintenance Material Conservation
Energy Conservation
Design
Material Conservation
Construction
Water Conservation
Operation
Maintenance
Optimization
Management
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