1. Learning, Memory, Language
11/5/10

2. What is a memory?
An organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences

3. Memory Types Declarative Memory Working memory -Prefrontal Cortex
Semantic memory
Episodic memory

4. Storing Memory How do we go from “learning” to memory “storage”? H.M.:

5. Storing Memory
Hippocampus and parahippocampal region play roles in converting short-term to long-term
Medial temporal region: forms/organizes/retrieves memories
Cortical regions: store long-term memories
A song to help you understand-

7. Retaining Memory “Changes in synapses”… ?
Synaptic Plasticity- learning by adding or removing connections, or adding cells
LTP: Long-Term Potentiation
CHANGES in the synapse

8. Mechanism of LTP Ca2+ enter synapse Activation of cAMP
cAMP activates CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein)
CREB activates the production of neurotrophins: proteins that increase neuron sensitivity (decrease its threshold)
I will Diagram on Board

9. Language Left hemisphere = language master Left frontal lobe:
Broca’s aphasia: trouble producing speech
Wernicke’s aphasia: trouble understanding speech
Word deafness: all possible speech problems combined into one disease

11. Language and Brain Areas
Speech recognition: L/R temporal lobes (anterior)
Speech production: L frontal lobe + L temporal lobe
Word meanings: stored in the L temporal lobe
Sensory/motor circuit for verbal short term memory: L posterior temporal lobe