3. Reading maketh a full man Conference a ready man Writing an exact man
-Francis Bacon

4. Differences between written and spoken English
A written message can be reread.
Spontaneous and often transitory.
Spoken encounters take place face to face.
Not usually planned.
A speech cannot be reheard.
Writing is permanent.
No immediate feedback for a piece of written task.
Often preplanned.

5. Differences between written and spoken English
Loose structure.
Lexis is informal.
There is the use of intonation and pauses.
Strict adherence to grammar.
Interruptions are not visible.
Lexis is formal.
Punctuation and layout are used.
No strict adherence to grammar.

6. Exercise: Formal & Informal
Informal: I got first division.
Formal:
Informal: I will give all possible help.
Informal: He has bought a flat at Dhaka.
Informal: Jahangir was a brave freedom fighter.

7. Use of grammar
Formal: I had appointments at nine o’clock, half past eleven, and quarter past three.
Informal: I had one appointment at nine o’clock, I had another one at ten o’clock, had another one at half past eleven, another one at quarter past three.

8. ALLITERATION Definition:
It is a figure in which the same sound, letter or syllable is repeated in a sequence of nearby words.

9. FEATURES
  1. There is a repetition.
2. It is either about a sound, or a letter, or a syllable used in words.
3. This recurrence takes place in a sequence of nearby words.

10. EXAMPLES Alone on a wide, wide sea. Alone, alone, all, all alone
She sells seashells on the seashore
The shells she sells are seashells, I am sure
For if she sells seashells on the seashore
Then I am sure she sells seashore shells.

11. Continued kith and kin safe and sound rhyme or reason weal and woe
hale and hearty
kith and kin
safe and sound
rhyme or reason
weal and woe

12. Oxymoron
Definition
It is a figure in which contradictory words are set side by side for raising a striking effect in the language.

13. He is regularly irregular. They have a plentiful lack of wit.
Example
He is regularly irregular.
They have a plentiful lack of wit.
Hasten slowly.

14. PUN
This is a figure which ‘rests on a duplicity of sense under unity of sound’.

15. EXAMPLES If a woman loses her husband, she pines for a second.
Although he is a scientist, his knowledge on sound is not sound.
In a game of cards a good deal depends on good playing, and good playing depends on a good deal.

16. ABC of Writing
A=ACCURACY
B=BREVITY
C=CLARITY

21. Maintaining Brevity
Better avoid long sentences if possible.
Sentences of more than two typewritten line is too long.
Better use simple and complex structure simultaneously

22. Sentence Length 8 words 100% 15 words 90% 19 words 80% 28 words 50%
Sentence Length Comprehension Rate
8 words 100%
15 words 90%
19 words 80%
28 words 50%

25. The writing process The writing process depends on-
Who you are writing to (reader)
Why you are writing (purpose)
What you are writing about (content)
Where you are, how much time you have
How you feel etc.

26. Three Stages of Writing
Preparing to write
Drafting
Revising

27. Preparing to Write Brainstorming Speed Writing
Asking yourself ‘WH’ question
Getting ideas into order
Using models

28. Drafting
Using the writing space
Getting Started
Keeping going

29. Revising