1. Midbrain (mesencephalon)

3. Cerebellum
Subconscious skeletal muscle mvmt

4. Equilibrium and balance

6. Functions Evaluate how cerebrum initiated movements are being executed
Coordinates skeletal muscle contractions
Posture & balance
Cognition and language processing
See table 14.2

7. Diencephalon
Surrounds third ventricle

8. Thalamus Internal medullary lamina = Y-shaped (white matter)
Divides lobes of gray matter
Thalamus

9. Hypothalamus Composed of a dozen nuclei REGULATES: ANS activities
Production and release of hormones (oxytocin & ADH)
Emotional and behavioral patterns (with limbic system)
Feeding center, satiety center, thirst center
Body temperature
Circadian rhythms
Hypothalamus

10. Epithalamus

11. Cerebrum Read, write, memory, imagine, emotions, math, music etc.
Gray matter / white matter

12. Cerebrum The Seat of Intelligence
Longitudinal fissure
Corpus callosum
5 lobes
Cerebrum The Seat of Intelligence

13. Brain Lobes Folded deep within lateral sulcus
Believed to play a role in emotion, consciousness and regulating homeostasis

14. Corpus Callosum Callosal commissure Tough body
Broad band of nerve fibers
Hemispheric communication
Largest white matter area

15. Cerebrum Functional Areas Sensory, Motor, Association

16. Cerebral Cortex

17. Brain Folds of Cerebral Cortex
Gyri – convolutions
Sulci – shallow grooves
Fissures – deeper grooves
Longitudinal fissure (most prominent)  separates the cerebral hemispheres.
Falx cerebri  in the longitudinal fissure

18. Cerebral White Matter
Connections between parts of brain and to rest of NS
Myelinated axons – 3 directions

19. Cerebral White Matter 3 types of fibers:
Association – gyri in same hemisphere
Commissural (3 groups) – corresponding gyri between hemispheres
Projection

20. Cerebral White Matter Commissural Fibers Corpus Callosum – largest
Anterior Commissure
Posterior Commissure

21. Projection fibers:
Internal Capsule  thick band of white matter containing ascending and descending tracts
Runs through basal nuclei

22. Basal Ganglia or Basal Nuclei
NOTE  no longer called ganglia b/c that is a group of cell bodies in the PNS.
3 large nuclei deep within white matter
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Caudate nucleus

23. Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)
Globus pallidus + putamen = lentiform nucleus
Lentiform nucleus + caudate nucleus = corpus striatum

24. Initiate and terminate body movements
FUNCTIONS:
Initiate and terminate body movements
Suppress unwanted movements
Regulate muscle tone
Sensory, limbic, cognitive and linguistic functions
GABA Gamma-Amino Butyric acid

25. Limbic System
Emotional Life, Memory, Motivation, Epinephrine (adrenaline) flow
CURRENT structures include:
Hippocampus – spatial memory and learning
Amygdala – Cognitive, emotional and social processes
Mammillary bodies of hypothalamus – limbic circuits
Olfactory bulbs
Fornix
Stria terminalis
Stria medullaris
Medial forebrain bundle
Mammillothalamis tract
Linked by bundles of interconnected myelinated axons

26. Limbic System