1. Archaeologists had long believed that farming prompted our nomadic ancestors into the first settlements; but how could the rudimentary agriculture of 9000 years ago have drawn 10,000 people to settle in the place shown?
Why did thousands of people give up the itinerant life of hunting and gathering and cram themselves into houses so tightly packed that they entered through holes in the roofs? Indeed, why did people bother to come together at all, eventually building the towns and cities that so many of the world's people live in today?

2.
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4. As an archaeologist, that’s what I’m interested in
As an archaeologist, that’s what I’m interested in. What was that tipping point between a perfectly reasonable small-scale village life to increased interactions in cities that are a counterintuitive social creation?
So the sense of infrastructure as a form of dialogue and as a form of communication is one in which there is a constant directionality of communication that works in both ways.

5. A junction

6. Simulation of active traffic management
Coherent moving states in highway traffic

7. Traveling through a metropolitan area, one finds that homophily produces a natural spatial signature; people live near others like them, and as a consequence they open shops, restaurants, and other businesses oriented toward the populations of their respective neighborhoods  Observe how concentrations of different groups can intensify over time, emphasizing that this is a process with a dynamic aspect.
The tendency of people to live in racially homogeneous neighborhoods produces spatial patterns of segregation that are apparent both in everyday life and when superimposed on a map. In blocks colored yellow and orange the percentage of African Americans is below 25, while in blocks colored brown and black the percentage is above 75.

8. Each agent wants to have at least some other agents of its own type as neighbors.
We will assume that there is a threshold t common to all agents:
if an agent discovers that fewer than t of its neighbors are of the same
type as itself, then it has an interest in moving to a new cell.
We will call such an agent unsatisfied with its current location.

10. https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Segregation

13. In some settings, such as this map of Medieval trade routes, physical
networks constrain the patterns of interaction, giving certain participants
an intrinsic economic advantage based on their network position. (Image from
Medieval Trade Routes.jpg.)