1. Unit 4: Early Modern Period

2. Tabs
4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange 4.2 Social Organization & Production 4.3 State Consolidation & Imperialism

3. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange
Intensification of existing trade networks
Led to prosperity & economic disruption
II. Transoceanic trade/exploration possible w/ new technology
Astrolabe, cartography, caravel, global wind patterns
Chinese maritime expanded: Zheng He
Portuguese navigation school
Spain sponsors Atlantic voyage (Colombus)

4. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange
Oceania & Polynesia unaffected by European recon. In Pacific
III. New global circulation of goods by European royal chartered monopoly
Silver in Spanish colonies to purchase Asian goods
Global economy
Europeans used mercantilism & joint-stock companies for competition and control of colonies

5. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange
Atlantic trade= goods, wealth, unfree laborers, mixture of cultures
Colombian Exchange
Spread of disease
American foods = staple crops (potato, maize)
Cash crops= slave labor; sugar, tobacco
European goods to New World= horses, cattle, sheep, rice
Nutrition/health improved
Colonization affected physical environment

6. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange
Spread & reform of existing religions
Split within Islam (Sunni/Shi’a)
Split within Christianity (Reformation)
Funding of the arts
Renaissance Europe
Literacy expands (Shakespeare, Cervantes)

7. 4.2 Social Organization & Production
Peasant agriculture increases= demand for raw materials
Serfdom (Russia); Cotton (India); Silk (China)
Export of Africans to Indian Ocean & Atlantic
Colonies depended on forced labor (Encomienda, chattel slavery)
New social/political hierarchies
Change in gender roles
Smaller families
Massive demographic change in Americas

8. 4.3 State Consolidation & Imperialism
Rulers legitimize & consolidate power
Divine right (Eur.)
Human Sacrifice (Meso.Amer.)
Treatment of ethnic minorities
Tribute/tax collection
II. Imperialism depends on gunpowder
Europeans create trading posts in Indian Ocean
Land empires expand (Russia, Mughal, Ottoman)
Maritime empires (Port., Sp., Fr., Eng., Du.)
Competition over trade empires