1. Phylum Chordata
Fish

2. Subphylum Vertebrata: Vertebrae surround nerve cord and serves as a primary support; skeleton modified into a skull for protection of the brain.
This group includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Notocord is replaced by a vertebral column.

3. Superclass Agnatha: lack jaws and paired appendages; cartilaginous skeleton; persistent notochord
Pouch lamprey, hagfish, and lamprey eel

4. Other General Characteristics
- aquatic, scales, fins, and pharyngeal slits
Nervous system: well developed with brain and spinal cord
Control smell, sight, body movement
Vertebral column for protection
Chemoreceptors
Closed circulatory system –Heart ->ventricle->Aorta-> gills

5. Excretory: Kidneys remove ammonia
Respiration: Gills: water in mouth, through gills, and out through gill slits- exchange Oxygen and CO2
Some use lungs
Swim bladder- open space in fish to regulate buoyancy

6. Feeding:
Herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites
Pathway: Mouth->Esophagus->Stomach-> pyloric ceca->intestines- >anus
Reproduction: dioecious
Oviparous: lay eggs, external fertilization
Oviviparous: young develop in mom, but are not nourished by mom
Viviparous- bare live young, nurtured by mom

7. Classes of Fish ***Correction!
A: Myxini- Hagfish
B. Chondrichthyes- Cartilagenous fish and sharks
C. Osteichthyes- bony fish , 40 % of all vertebrates are bony fish
D. Petromyzontida- lampreys

8. Classes of Fish
You will summarize the characteristics of the different classes of Fish providing the following information:
For CLASSES MYXINI,PETROMYZONTIDA, SARCOPTERYGII
1) EXAMPLES
2)MOUTH CHARACTERISTICS
3)OLFACTORY SACS
4)PHARYNGEAL SLITS (HOW MANY ? 1 OR MORE OPENINGS?
5)FEEDING HABITS

9. For classes Chondrichthyes and Actinopterygii
Examples
Digestion
Respiration
Skin
Skeletal system
Circulatory system
Swim bladder?
Movement (fins present and what kind?)
Reproduction methods

10. Sucking mouth with teeth and rasping tongue
Characterisitics
Class Myxini
Class Petromyzontida
Examples
Hagfishes
Lampreys
Mouth
4 pairs of tentacles
Sucking mouth with teeth and rasping tongue
Olfactory sacs
Open to mouth
Blind sacs
Pharyngeal slits
5-15 pairs; one opening
7 pairs; separate openings
Feeding
Scavenge dead or dying fish; produce copious slime
Parasitic or predatory; feed mainly on blood

11. Characterisitics
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Examples
Sharks, skates, rays
All bony fish
Digestion
Complete, lack pyloric cecum, have a cloaca (a common opening for the reproductive, excretory and digestive systems)
Complete, have a pyloric cecum (used to increase absorption in the intestine)
Respiration
Gills
Gills covered by an operculum (helps pump water across the gills)
Skin
Covered by placoid scales (feel sandpapery)
Covered by cycloid or ctenoid scales
Skeleton
Cartilage endoskeleton
Bony endoskeleton
Circulation
Closed, two chambered heart; 1-loop (from heart past gills to the rest of the body and back to the heart)
Closed, two chambered heart; 1-loop

12. Ectothermic Lacking Present Movement
Swim bladder (gas filled sacs that regulate buoyancy)
Lacking
Typically present
Temperature regulation
Ectothermic
Lateral line system (used to detect movement in the water)
Present
Movement
Paired fins (used for more precise steering and increase agility), heterocercal tail
Paired fins, homocercal tail
Reproduction
Dieocious, internal fertilization, ovoviviparous, males have modified pelvic fins called claspers
Dieocious, variable fert.; some are oviparous, some are ovoviviparous