1. Animal Nutrition

2. Nutritional Requirements
Undernourished
not enough calories
Overnourished
too many calories
Malnourished
missing one or more essential nutrients

3. Essential Nutrients Essential Amino Acids Essential Fatty Acids
Essential Vitamins
Essential Minerals

4. Essential Amino Acids Found in proteins Nine essential in humans
20 different types
Nine essential in humans
all in animal proteins
vegetarians need to eat grains and beans

6. Essential Fatty Acids Unsaturated fatty acids
used to make phospholipids for membranes

7. Essential Vitamins Fat Soluble Water Soluble stored in fat K, A, D, E
excreted in urine
B complex and C

8. Essential Minerals Inorganic nutrients Calcium & Phosphorous Iron
bones
Iron
anemia
Iodine
thyroid hormones
Sodium, Chlorine, & Potassium
nerve function, water regulation

9. Food Types
Heterotrophic
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Insectivores

10. Feeding Adaptations
Suspension Feeders

11. Feeding Adaptations
Substrate Feeders

12. Feeding Adaptations
Fluid Feeders

13. Feeding Adaptations
Bulk Feeders

14. Intracellular Digestion
Inside cells
All animals
Exclusive in:
Protista
Porifera

15. Extracellular Digestion
Outside cells
All animals above the sponges
Two Types
Gastrovascular Cavity
Alimentary Canal

16. Gastrovascular Cavity
One opening
Found in Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes

17. Alimentary Canal Two openings Allows for specialization Mouth Pharynx
Esophagus
Crop
Gizzard
Stomach
Intestine
Anus

19. Mammalian Digestion Accessory Glands Peristalsis Sphincters “Food”
salivary glands
pancreas
liver (emulsification)
gallbladder
Peristalsis
Sphincters
“Food”
bolus
acid chyme
feces

20. Macromolecule Digestion

22. Dentition and Diet Nonmammal vertebrates Carnivores Herbivores
canines (grasping)
incisors (tearing)
molars and premolars
(crushing and grinding)
Herbivores
Omnivores

23. Digestive Tracts Carnivores Herbivores shorter digestive system
small cecum
Herbivores
longer digestive system
large cecum