1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Summary
Introduction
Section 1: The Land
Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Summary
Chapter Menu

3. Places reflect the relationship between humans and the physical environment. A study of the physical geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia reveals the relationship between humans and the physical environment, where seas and rivers help sustain life amid rugged mountain ranges, dry plateaus, and some of Earth’s greatest deserts.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: The Land
How has water played a role in defining the region of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia?
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
How does the climate of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia affect natural vegetation and human activity?
Chapter Intro 3

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. The Land
How has water played a role in defining the region of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia?
Section 1-GTR

8. The Land kum phosphate alluvial soil wadi shift revenue complex
Section 1-GTR

9. The Land A. Atlas Mountains B. Caucasus Mountains C. Arabian Peninsula
D. Persian Gulf
E. Sinai Peninsula
F. Anatolia
G. Dead Sea
J. Nile River
H. Caspian Sea
K. Tigris River
I. Aral Sea
L. Euphrates River
Section 1-GTR

10. The Land
The people of this region highly value which part of the surrounding environment?
A. Deserts
B. Mountains
C. Valleys
D. Rivers A B C D
Section 1

11. Landforms
In North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia, dramatic landforms can be found in a region dominated by deserts and mountains.
Earthquakes are common in this region.
Section 1

12. Landforms (cont.) Mountains: Atlas—Africa’s longest mountain range
Hejaz and Asir
Pontic and Taurus
Ararat
Caucasus
Zagros
Landforms and Tectonic Activity
Section 1

13. Landforms (cont.) Coastal Plains, Seas, and Peninsulas:
The agriculture base is rooted in fertile plains along the Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea, and the Persian Gulf.
Aral Sea
Dead Sea
Sinai Peninsula
Peninsula of Anatolia
Section 1

14. Which sea is much smaller due to a diversion of rivers for irrigation?
A. Aral Sea
B. Dead Sea
C. Caspian Sea
D. The Sea of Marmara A B C D
Section 1

15. Water Systems
For thousands of years, people have depended on the region’s rivers and fertile river valleys, where early civilizations thrived.
Major Rivers:
Nile—the world’s longest river; one of the cradles of civilization
The Nile River
Section 1

16. Water Systems (cont.)
Tigris and Euphrates—the Tigris-Euphrates river valley was also a fertile area that supported early civilizations
Streambeds:
Many streams in arid North Africa and Southwest Asia flow only intermittently, and are susceptible to flash flooding.
Section 1

17. Which percentile of Egypt’s people live along the Nile river? A. 50%
B. 70%
C. 90%
D. 100% A B C D
Section 1

18. Natural Resources
Some of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia’s most abundant resources are important to the world economy.
Over 60% of the world’s known oil reserves lie beneath this region.
About 50% of the world’s known natural gas reserves are there as well.
World Oil Reserves
Section 1

19. Natural Resources (cont.)
Minerals in the region:
Sulfur, sulfate
Phosphate
Chromium, gold, lead, manganese, and zinc
Iron ore, copper
Section 1

20. In 2000, oil prices were around $30 per barrel
In 2000, oil prices were around $30 per barrel. By 2008, oil prices were trading at what amount per barrel?
A. $37
B. $130
C. $45 A B C
Section 1

21. Section 1-End

22. Climate and Vegetation
How does the climate of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia affect natural vegetation and human activity?
Section 2-GTR

23. Climate and Vegetation
oasis
cereal
pastoralism
define
exposure
annually
Section 2-GTR

24. Climate and Vegetation
A. Sahara
B. Rub′ al-Khali
C. Kara-Kum
Section 2-GTR

25. Climate and Vegetation
Which type of climate do you think most of this region experiences?
A. Steppe
B. Highland
C. Desert
D. Tropical A B C D
Section 2

26. Water and Climate
Lack of water affects climate, natural vegetation, and human activities in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia.
Section 2

27. Water and Climate (cont.)
Two of the climates:
Desert Climate—50% of this region is desert area.
The Sahara—the largest desert in the world covers most of North Africa.
Rub′ al-Khali—largest area of sand
Steppe Climate
Section 2

28. What is an important way of life for people who live in a steppe climate?
A. Pastoralism
B. Farming
C. Mining
D. Fishing A B C D
Section 2

29. Midlatitude Regions
Countries within the region’s midlatitudes benefit from rainfall in the Mediterranean, highland, and humid subtropical climates.
Exports:
Citrus fruits
Olives
Grapes
Section 2

30. Midlatitude Regions (cont.)
Tourism is also important to the economy.
Higher areas like the Caucasus Mountains have a highland climate.
North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia: Natural Vegetation
Section 2

31. Midlatitude Regions (cont.)
Areas that receive a large amount of rainfall:
The North African coast near the Atlas Mountains
The coast of Oman
The foot of the Elburz Mountains
Batumi
Section 2

32. In areas where more than 14 inches of rain falls each year, which product can farmers raise without irrigation?
A. Citrus fruits
B. Cereals
C. Strawberries
D. Cranberries A B C D
Section 2

33. Section 2-End

34. • Africa’s longest mountain range; reaches across Morocco and Algeria
A. Atlas Mountains
• Africa’s longest mountain range; reaches across Morocco and Algeria
• Northern slopes have Mediterranean climate and support farming
VS 1

35. • Was the world’s fourth-largest inland sea
B. Aral Sea
• Was the world’s fourth-largest inland sea
• Began to dry up when the Soviet Union diverted water for irrigation 
• Water levels increased slightly after dams were built, ensuring flow of freshwater
VS 2

36. • Surrounded by the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, and Mediterranean Sea
C. Anatolia
• Surrounded by the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, and Mediterranean Sea
• Together, the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus connect the Black and Aegean Seas.
• Taurus Mountains located along southern part of peninsula
VS 3

37. • World’s largest desert; covers most of North Africa
D. Sahara
• World’s largest desert; covers most of North Africa
• Droughts have expanded the Sahara in recent decades
VS 4

38. • Surrounded by Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and Persian Gulf
E. Arabian Peninsula
• Surrounded by Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and Persian Gulf
• Oil and natural gas reserves in eastern part of peninsula
VS 5

39. • World’s longest river
F. Nile River
• World’s longest river
• Area is home to one of the world’s earliest civilizations
• More than 90 percent of Egypt’s population lives along the Nile Delta and Nile River on fertile land
VS 6

40. G. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
• Known as Mesopotamia, Greek for “land between two rivers”
• Irrigation has supported farming for 7,000 years
• Two rivers join in Iraq to form Shatt al Arab
VS 7

41. H. Natural Resources
• Over 60 percent of the world’s known oil reserves are located in the region.
• Some countries are investing in agriculture and fisheries to decrease their dependence on oil and mineral exports.
• Countries with Mediterranean climates export citrus fruits, olives, and grapes.
VS 8

42. VS-End

43. Figure 1

44. Figure 2

45. Figure 3

46. Figure 4

47. DFS Trans 1

48. DFS Trans 2

49. kum
term for a desert in Central Asia
Vocab1

50. alluvial soil
rich soil made up of sand and mud deposited by running water
Vocab2

51. wadi
in the desert, a stream bed that is dry except during a heavy rain
Vocab3

52. phosphate
natural mineral containing chemical compounds often used in fertilizers
Vocab4

53. oasis small area in a desert where water and vegetation are found
Vocab5

54. pastoralism
the raising of livestock
Vocab6

55. cereal any grain, such as barley, oats, or wheat, grown for food
Vocab7

56. To navigate within this Presentation Plus! product:
Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.
Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.
Click the Return button to return to the main presentation.
Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.
Click the Help button to access this screen.
Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show.
Links to Maps in Motion, static maps and charts, and transparencies appear near the bottom of slides as they are relevant.
Links to the Reference Atlas and Geography Online are located on the navigation bar of most screens.
Help

57. This slide is intentionally blank.
End of Custom Shows