1. Do Now
What is consciousness?

2. Unit 5 : States of Consciousness
Sleep and Dreams

3. Introduction Consciousness Aware of ourselves and out environment
EX: Being present in class
States of consciousness
Sleep
Awake
Altered states

4. Altered States

5. Sleep and Dreams

6. Circadian Rhythm Circadian Rhythm 24 hour cycle Temperature changes
our body temperatures fluctuate throughout the day
rises when we wake up continues to peak throughout the day and begins to drop as our bodies prepare to sleep
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
Melatonin
Sleep inducing hormone
light activates retinal proteins which then trigger the SCN (in hypothalamus)  tell the pineal gland to stop producing melatonin

8. Sleep Stages Awake Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Alpha waves Sleep
Slow, awake brain waves
Stage 1
Sleep
Natural loss on consciousness
Hallucinations
False sensory experiences
EX: seeing a ghost that isn’t really there
Hypnagogic sensations
Feeling like falling but you aren’t
REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
Stage 2
Sleep spindles
Bursts of rapid brain activity
Stage 3
Stage 4
Delta waves
Large slow brain waves
Occur in deep sleep

9. REM Sleep REM Sleep vs. NREW REM Sleep cycle
Rapid eye movement vs. non-rapid eye movement
REM
Occurs multiple times throughout the night
During stage 1 but not in the initial descent
Vivid dreams happen here
Aka paradoxical sleep
Sleep cycle
90 minutes
Repeats itself
Less deep sleep the longer one sleeps

10. Sleep Differences Everyone needs 8 hours Cultural influences
False
It varies rom person to person
Cultural influences
Siesta in some cultures
Access to electricity
Sleep debt
Accumulates over a 2 week period

11. Effects of Sleep Loss Study done by the Navy Age and sleep loss
Shows once sleep debt is paid off  lives improved
Age and sleep loss
Less sleep = older
Chronic sleep loss
Can lead to stress and bad eating habits
Over weight
Time changes
Leads to more or less accidents

12. Function of Sleep Sleep theories Sleep protects
Predators come out at night
Sleep helps recuperations
Restore and repair damages
Memory storage
Helps categorize the day’s events
Sleep and creative thinking
Inspiration can come in a dream
Sleep and growth
Hormone release

13. Sleep Disorders Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep Apnea Night Terrors
Can’t fall or stay asleep
Narcolepsy
Random falling asleep
Sleep Apnea
Stop breathing when sleeping
Night Terrors
Happen during stage 4
Terrified/fear
Sleepwalking/sleep-talking

14. Dreams – What we dream? Dreams Freud reasoning for what we dream
Images and feeling in a sleeping person’s mind
Freud reasoning for what we dream
Manifest content
The story of the dream
Usually has info from the day’s activity
Non-sexual
EX: I dreamt I was at work teaching
Latent content
Underlying meaning in dreams
Can be sexual
Unconscious drives and desires
EX: I dreamt I was at work killing students

15. Dreams - Why do we dream? To satisfy our own wishes
To file away memories
to develop/preserve neural pathways
To make sense of the neural static
The reflect cognitive development
REM rebound
Dream more when you don’t get to dream because you are awakened during dreaming

16. Sleep over the lifetime

22. Today
Questions
Quiz tomorrow on sleep & dreams
HW = Hypnosis