1. Development and Principles of Rocketry
Applications
Lecture Two

2. Introduction Rockets are types of vehicles, and exist to move things:
A pilot from a damaged aircraft.
A rescue line between two ships.
A weapon onto a target.
Scientific instruments into the upper atmosphere.
Astronauts to and from space.

3. Introduction A Payload A Warhead Rockets are types of vehicles,
and exist to move things:
Any object carried for peaceful purposes
is called
A Payload
An object carried for military purposes
A Warhead

4. Military Rockets and Missiles
Military Rockets are unguided weapons
And as such they have no ability to steer themselves
towards a target.
Military Missiles are guided weapons
And therefore have the ability to change direction
and follow instructions to hit the target.
Radar, TV, heat sensors are used
to locate and home onto targets.

5. Military Rockets and Missiles
The German V2
was the first rocket to be used as a long range weapon.
It carried a 1 ton warhead
for up to 200 miles.
Rocket motor accelerated
the V2 to 3000 mph.
It coasted to 55 miles altitude
The V2 then fell ballistically
onto its target.
Apogee
55 miles altitude
Ballistic
fall
Burn Out
20 miles
altitude
Boost
Target
Launch
Range
Up to 200 miles

6. Military Rockets and Missiles
Homing
In an Active Homing System
the missile uses its own radar transmitter and receiver
to find and track the target.
The missile can then
steer itself onto the target
without external assistance.
In a Passive Homing System
the missile does not transmit,
but looks for a signal to indicate
where the target is.
This could be radio or heat signals from the target itself,
radar reflections from another radar,
or target illumination.

7. Military Rockets and Missiles
Surface to Air Missile (SAM).
A surface-to-air missile (SAM), is designed to be launched
from the ground to destroy aircraft.
Air to Surface Missile (ASM).
An air-to-surface missile (ASM) is designed to be launched
from aircraft and strike ground targets on land or at sea.
Surface to Surface Missile (SSM).
A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is designed to be
launched from the ground or the sea
and to strike targets on land or at sea.

8. Military Rockets and Missiles
Air to Air Missile (AAM).
An air-to-air missile (AAM) is designed to be fired from
an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft.
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM).
An Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) is designed
with a minimum range of more than 5,500 km (3,400 ml)
primarily for nuclear weapons delivery.
Anti Ballistic Missile (ABM).
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is designed
to counter any ballistic missile.
But, the term is used more commonly for systems designed
to counter intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).

9. Space Flight Space begins at the Karman Line,
at an altitude of 100 km (62.1 miles)
above sea level.
At this altitude there is no useable atmosphere so:
Jets and internal combustion engines will not work.
Aircraft have no atmosphere to develop lift.
Balloons have no atmosphere to provide buoyancy.
The only propulsion that will
get objects into space
is a rocket motor.

10. Space Flight Rockets are used for every type of space mission:
Launching satellites.
Manned space flight.
Sending probes to other planets.
Exploration of the upper atmosphere.
Rockets that are used
to propel objects
outside the atmosphere
are called launch vehicles.

11. The Exploration of Space
Rockets built to launch large spacecraft include:
Atlas (America) Not Manned
From 1962 to 1963, Atlas boosters launched the first four
American astronauts to orbit the Earth.
The Atlas V is still in service, with launches planned until 2020.
Delta & Titan (America)
Delta has provided space launch capability since Two Delta
launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are still in active use.
Titan were expendable rockets used between 1959 and 2005.
Cosmos, Zenit & Proton (Russia)
Cosmos has made over 440 launches, and is still in service.
Zenit was first built in the 1980s , and is still in service.
Proton, launched in 1965, is intended to be retired by 2030.

12. The Exploration of Space
Rockets built to launch large spacecraft include:
Long March (China)
The Long March rocket is derived from the Dong Feng 4 missile,
and the next generation of Long March rockets, 5, 6 and 7 will be
a brand new design.
H-2 (Japan)
The success rate of 95% for the H-2 is on a par with 96.4%
for the Atlas V of the USA, and 94.9% for the European Ariane 5.
Ariane (Europe).
Ariane is a European civilian expendable launch vehicle
for space launch use. Ariane 6, currently in development,
is due for launch in

13. The Exploration of Space
Spaceflight has many scientific
and technical applications:
International Communications
The Global Positioning System (GPS)
Better Weather Forecasting
Earth Observation
Space Research
Astronomy

14. The Exploration of Space
Supporting space stations
for manned spaceflight include:
Skylab (America)
Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA
and was the United States' first space station.
It orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included
a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems.
Skylab re-entered the atmosphere and disintegrated in 1979,
with debris striking portions of Western Australia.

15. The Exploration of Space
Supporting space stations
for manned spaceflight include:
Salyut and MIR (Russia)
The Salyut programme was the first space station programme
undertaken by the Soviet Union. It consisted of a series of
four crewed scientific stations and two crewed military stations
over a period of 15 years from 1971 to 1986.
MIR operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to It was
the first modular space station, and was assembled in orbit
from 1986 to 1996.

16. The Exploration of Space
Supporting space stations
for manned spaceflight include:
International Space Station
(ISS – many nations)
The first component of the ISS was launched in 1998.
Now it is the largest artificial body in orbit, and can often be
seen at the appropriate time with the naked eye from Earth.
Since 2 November 2000, the station has been continuously
occupied, and has provided the longest continuous human
presence in space.

17. Check of Understanding
Which of the following is NOT
a manned space station?
Mir
Skylab
Salyut
Atlas

18. Check of Understanding
The maximum range of a V2 rocket was. . .
400 miles
300 miles
200 miles
100 miles

19. Check of Understanding
Who developed the H-2 launch vehicle?
China
USA
Japan
Russia

20. Check of Understanding
An object carried by a rocket for 
military purposes is called:
The warhead
The payload
The delivery system
The launch vehicle

21. Check of Understanding
What is the altitude of the Karman Line?
80 km
100 km
150 km
180 km

22. Check of Understanding
Who developed the Proton launch vehicle?
America
Russia
England
China

23. Check of Understanding
An ASM is a missile use to attack:
Ships
Aircraft
Missiles
Soldiers

24. Check of Understanding
A military rocket which cannot steer itself
towards a target is called:
A guided weapon
A payload
An unguided weapon
A launch vehicle

25. Check of Understanding
An ABM is a missile for attacking:
Tanks
Bunkers
Missiles
Submarines

26. Check of Understanding
ICBM stands for . . .
Interception By Missile
Internally Carried By Missile
International Ballistic Missile
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

27. Development and Principles of Rocketry
End of Presentation