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A: 5 October 2011 Objective: You will be able to:
…differentiate between and identify physical and chemical changes and properties. …describe and define characteristics of the three states of matter and changes between states of matter. Do now: What are the three states of matter? Give any details you know about each of the three states.
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Agenda Do now Separating Activity
Physical vs. chemical notes and examples States of matter and state change notes and examples Practice problems Designing a procedure to separate a mixture Homework: Week 5 Homework pages 1-2
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Directions Classify these words into TWO groups.
Give a name to each group. Add one more example to each group. Raise your hand when you are done. SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.
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SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.
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1. Separate into two categories 2. Give a name to each category.
Dog Wind Atoms Soil DNA Clouds batteries Wisdom Heat Toothpaste Electricity A star Juice Sound The ocean Fear Peanut butter Saliva Helium Democracy Car exhaust Gasoline Paper Bacteria A cell
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Share our classifications
How would a chemist classify these words?
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Matter and Changes
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Matter: has volume (takes up space), and has mass Examples of matter?
Is air matter? How do you know? Matter can be solid, liquid or gas SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.
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Air Takes up space demo SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.
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chemistry: the study of matter and changes to matter
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Physical Property – a characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance’s composition. Examples: Color Solubility Odor Hardness Density Melting point Boiling point
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A change that does not alter the chemical composition
Physical change: A change that does not alter the chemical composition Examples: boiling water dissolving sugar in water dicing potatoes
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any change that results in the formation of new substances. Examples:
Chemical change: any change that results in the formation of new substances. Examples: - gasoline burning - eggs cooking - bread rising - milk souring SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.
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Ways you can tell a chemical reaction has occurred:
Energy is absorbed or given off Heat Light Sound Production of solid or gas from a liquid (also happens with physical changes in states of matter) Color Odor Bubbles
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Ex. Whether or not acid can corrode a certain metal
Chemical Property – properties of matter that can only be observed through a chemical change Ex. Whether or not acid can corrode a certain metal Ex. Whether sugar reacts with sulfuric acid SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.
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Chemical or Physical Change?
burning paper folding a piece of paper the reaction of KI and Pb(NO3)2 combustion of gasoline hammering gold into a ring cutting a diamond acid rain “melting” a statue a pile of old iron rusting separating water into H and O by using electricity
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Write down one unique example of a physical change you see at school.
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Write down one unique example of a chemical change you see in your neighborhood.
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What do all of these things have in common?
H2O Dihydrogen monoxide
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C: 6 October 2011 Take Out Homework: Week 4 p. 4 and Week 5 p. 1
Objective: You will be able to: describe and define characteristics of the three states of matter and changes between states. Do now: Give one example of a chemical change and one example of a physical change.
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Agenda Do now Homework check
States of matter and changes notes and clicker practice Dry ice lab stations! Homework: Week 4 last question Week 5 Homework p. 2: Fri.
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TAKES SHAPE AND VOLUME OF CONTAINER! FIXED VOLUME FIXED SHAPE
States of Matter low temperatures high temperatures slow particle movement fast particle movement TAKES SHAPE AND VOLUME OF CONTAINER! FIXED VOLUME NO FIXED SHAPE FIXED VOLUME FIXED SHAPE Solid Liquid Gas
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State Shape Volume Density Particle motion solid liquid gas
Forces solid definite (fixed) definite high slight vibration liquid not definite medium gas low, variable very, very fast
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Which state of matter… has a fixed volume and shape?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… has no fixed volume or shape?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… has fixed volume but no fixed shape?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… takes the size and shape of its container?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… takes the shape but not the size of its container?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… can be compressed into a smaller volume?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… exists at lower temperatures?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… has medium particle movement?
Solid Liquid Gas
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Which state of matter… has particles that vibrate slightly?
Solid Liquid Gas
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States of Matter and Transitions (Phases)
SOLID SUBLIMATION FREEZING MELTING DEPOSITION EVAPORATION LIQUID GAS CONDENSATION
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Kinetic Theory Why does temperature change the state of matter?
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Kinetic Theory: all matter is made of particles that are always moving.
Temperature: - a measurement of Kinetic Energy (how fast particles are moving) Measured in degrees Celsius or in Kelvin (which we will get to later) Absolute zero – the temperature at which all movement of particles stops - This has never been reached
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Different states of matter have different amounts of kinetic energy
Solid low Liquid medium Gas highest
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Solid Liquid Gas low kinetic energy (KE) high kinetic energy (KE)
SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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In any sample of matter, two forces are competing
Bond forces are trying to hold the molecules together Kinetic energy is trying to pull the molecules apart Sometimes, Kinetic energy can overcome bond forces
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SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Homework Week 4 p. 4 #17 Week 5 p. 2 Dry ice lab: finish the observations/answer the questions for the stations we did together
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Bond forces hold particles together.
Kinetic energy may be great enough to break bonds between particles (in a gas) SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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State Shape Volume Density Particle motion Forces solid liquid gas
definite (fixed) definite high slight vibration Greater than KE liquid not definite medium Similar to KE gas low, varia-ble very, very fast Much less than KE SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? Ice turns into water
Freezing Melting Evaporating Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? Water turns into steam
Freezing Melting Evaporating Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? Water turns into ice
Freezing Melting Evaporating Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? Water vapor turns into rain in clouds
Evaporation Deposition Sublimation Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? Water boils and turns into steam
Evaporation Deposition Sublimation Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? An ice cube looks like it’s making steam
Evaporation Deposition Sublimation Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? Cream and sugar turns into ice cream
Freezing Melting Evaporating Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which transition? Snow turns directly into water vapor
Evaporation Deposition Sublimation Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which state of matter? Has the strongest bond forces?
Solid Liquid Gas 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which state of matter? Has the highest kinetic energy?
Solid Liquid Gas 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which state of matter? Takes the shape but not the size of its container?
Solid Liquid Gas 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which state of matter? Has bond forces similar to its kinetic energy?
Solid Liquid Gas 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which state of matter? Has a definite size and shape.
Solid Liquid Gas 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.
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Which state… Has the lowest Kinetic Energy?
Has very strong bond forces? Has the highest Kinetic Energy? Has bonds that are broken most easily? Has bond forces similar to its Kinetic Energy?
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A: 6 October 2011 Take Out Homework: Week 5 p. 1 and Criteria for a Good Procedure Table Objective: You will be able to Describe and define characteristics of the three states of matter and changes between states. Do now: Differentiate between solids and gases based on the kinetic energy of their particles.
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Agenda Do now Track objectives 8-11 Homework check
Dry ice demonstrations, observations and discussion Homework: Complete answers to lab questions thoroughly: due tomorrow
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Homework Stations 2, 3, 4, 6, 7
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Dry Ice Demos Completely answer all questions for each demonstration
Give thoughtful, complete observations and answers. Think about the speed of particle movement between solids and gases that relates to kinetic energy and temperature!
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Homework Dry Ice Lab questions Week 5 Homework p. 2: Fri.
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