1. EOC REVIEW
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2. Unit 1
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3. Purpose of Government To provide order – police, military, laws
Provides services – health care, roads, parks…
Provides security – police, military
Guides the economy – budget, taxes

4. Levels of Government
Federalism – means to have the power divided into different levels.
National/Federal
State
Local
(Separation of Powers refers to the 3 branches of government)

5. American Democracy
Democracy is a government where the people are in control – by voting.
Principles of democracy
Rule of law – everyone is bound by the law
Limited government – government with restrictions on its powers
Individual rights – every person has basic rights
Consent of governed – people create the government
Representative government – people vote for representative who in turn make decisions for them.

6. Political States Federal Confederate Unitary
Power is divided into levels
(federal = federalism)
Confederate
Independent countries come together for a specific need/purpose.
Unitary
ALL the power of one country is held by ONE government

7. Forms of Government Democracy
Direct – all people vote
Representative – elected officials vote for the people
Authoritarian – one leader or group of leaders have absolute power
Totalitarian – government controls all aspects of peoples lives
Dictatorship - one leader or group of leaders have power with the use of the military and police.
Monarchy – leader decided by family blood line
Absolute – King or Queen
Constitutional – King or Queen rule with a lawmakers that are elected.
Parliament – law makers
Prime minister – legal leader

8. Citizenship Immigration – moving into a new country
Emigration – exiting a country
Alien – person who enters a new country illegally
Deportation - person who is sent back to the country where they are citizens
Naturalization – officially becoming a citizen of a new country
Responsibilities
VOTE!!! – 18 years old, US Citizen, Registered, not declared mentally incapacitated

9. Unit 2

10. Philosophers
John Locke – natural rights – life, liberty and property – Declaration of Independence
Baron Montesquieu – separation of powers – Constitution - 3 branches of government

11. Magna Carta British Document
1215 – first document that put a limit on the king’s powers
Trial by jury
Right to rebel if government broke the contract.

12. English Foundations
Parliament – lawmakers that assist the king/queen with ruling the country
Congress
Common Law – basic laws that all people must follow
Rule of law
English Bill of Rights – founding rights that the USA used when writing their Bill of Rights
Due process of the law
No cruel punishment
People have the right to petition the king/government

13. Colonial Governments Jamestown Plymouth Representative Democracy
Virginia House of Burgesses – was the congress/law makers
Plymouth
Direct Democracy
Mayflower Compact – contract where the Pilgrims agreed on creating a government and on following the laws

14. Events Leading to Independence
Sugar Act – 3 cent tax on sugar
Stamp Act – a tax on all official papers
Declaratory Act – gave Britain the right to tax the colonies as they saw “fit”
Townshend Act – tax on glass and other items
Tea Act – tax on tea – lead to the Boston Tea Party – Where colonists protested the tax
Coercive/Intolerable Act – quartering of British troops in colonists homes
** No Taxation Without Representation” – colonists did not think the British should tax them if they did not have colonists in the British Parliament as representatives.

15. Continental Congress 1st Continental Congress 2nd Continental Congress
Was a response to the Coercive acts
Sent a letter to the King and organized a total boycott of British products
2nd Continental Congress
Met after the 1st battles of the Revolutionary war were fought (Lexington and Concord)
Decided to officially declare independence

16. Declaration of Independence
48 delegates met in Philadelphia
Life liberty and the pursuit of happiness – John Locke’s idea
Thomas Jefferson was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence.
Declaration stated all the reasons why the colonists were upset with the king.
Signing the declaration was considered treason

17. Unit 3

18. Articles of Confederation
1777 – The first governing document of the USA.
Created 13 independent states that would have:
Common laws
Common Military
Did not work!
No taxes, and so military could not be paid
No official leader to enforce laws
No standard money

19. Plans for the New Government
Virginia Plan
Big State
Representation based on the population
Wanted legislature to elect executive (parliament)
Legislative branch to have military power
New Jersey Plan
Small State
Equal Representation (2 per state)
Executive Branch to have military power

20. Compromises 3/5th Compromise Great Compromise
Each slave would count as 3/5th of a person when totaling the population of a state
Great Compromise
Legislature would have 2 houses
Senate – equal representation
House of Representatives – representation based on population
Slave Trade and Commerce Compromise
Northern states would trade without paying taxes
Southern states would continue to have slaves

21. Basic American Principles
Popular Sovereignty
People are in control of the government
Limited Government
The government has limits on its powers
Rule of Law
There are laws and everyone must follow them
Separation of Powers
There are 3 branches of government, and each have different powers
Checks and Balances
Each branch overlooks what the other 2 branches are responsible for doing
Federalism
There are levels of government – National – State - Local

22. The US Constitution Preamble – Introduction, We the people…
Article 1 - Creates Legislative Branch
Article 2 – Creates Executive Branch
Article 3 – Creates Judicial Branch
Article 4 – Talks about the relationship between national and state governments
Article 5 – Amending the Constitution
Article 6 – The Supremacy Clause – The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land
Article 7 – Describes how to ratify (pass) the Constitution

23. Federalists and Anti Federalists
Wanted the Constitution to pass
Did not want a list of rights – thought the list would get too long (that is why the 9th amendment says you have rights that are not listed.)
Anti Federalists
Thought the Constitution gave too much power to the national government
Wanted the Constitution to contain a Bill of Rights

24. Bill of Rights GRASP – Get Religion Assembly Speech and Press
Right to own guns
Do not have to quarter troops
Search warrants are needed
Right to remain silent, no double jeopardy, eminent domain, due process, be indicted (officially accused)
Speedy trial
Civil Trials
No Cruel Punishment
You have rights that are not listed
And right not given to the national government in the Constitution belongs to the states

25. Other Amendments 13 – Ended Slavery
14 – Defined citizenship and said that ALL people would be treated equally before the law.
15 – Prohibited the denial of suffrage (right to vote) based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
19 – Women’s Suffrage (right to vote for women)
24 – Prohibited the use of poll taxes to keep people from voting.
26 – Dropped voting age from 21 to 18
18 and 21 – 18 made drinking alcohol illegal – 21 made dinking alcohol legal again.

26. Unit 1-3 Study Questions What are the 4 purposes of government?
What are the 3 different political states? Draw a picture to represent each one.
What is the difference between the two different types of democracies?
What is a republic?
As a naturalized citizen what is your most important responsibility? Why is that the most important?

27. 6. What did John Locke believe in
6. What did John Locke believe in? How did this influence the government of the USA?
7. What is a similarity between parliamentary government and American government?
8. What was the Mayflower compact? What principle of American democracy did it establish?
9. List 3 events that led the colonists to rebel against the king?
10. What was decided at the Second Continental Congress meeting?
11. Why was writing and signing the declaration of Independence dangerous?

28. 12. What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create
12. What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create? Why was it a flawed government?
13. Why was the Connecticut Compromise also known as the Great Compromise?
14. Why do we have a federal government?
15. Why were the anti federalists not in favor of ratifying the Constitution?
16. List the first 10 amendments in order
**Bonus**
List the 3 amendments that are about voting rights, and state what each one did.

29. 5 Minute Study
Unit 1-3 Quiz

30. Unit 1 – 3 Quiz

31. What purpose of government is being fulfilled by there being a public park?
What type of government exists if the country is small and has just one ELECTED leader that takes care of all problems?
Why is consent of the governed important in our democracy?
How is America’s government similar to England’s government?
What do you call the process of officially becoming a USA citizen?
Why is the Magna Carta important in the USA?
What document was signed by the Pilgrims to agree on a government and create laws?
What philosopher’s ideals were used in writing the declaration of Independence?
Why did the Federalists oppose adding a bill of Rights to the Constitution?
What Amendment ended slavery?