1. Magnetism & Electromagnetism
Magnetic forces arise from the movement of electrical charge.
Electromagnetism is the interaction between electricity and magnetism.
A magnet can exert a force on a wire carrying a current.
A current creates a magnetic force field
Generators and motors use electromagnetism.

2. Magnets and Magnetic Fields
Magnets can be classified as ferromagnets, electromagnets, temporary magnets, and permanent magnets.
A material is magnetic if its domains line up
Magnetic materials include iron, nickel, and cobalt
Every magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field. The shape of the field can be shown with magnetic field lines.

3. Domains – regions of aligned electron spins

4. Electromagnetism
Magnets can induce electric current and be used to produce electricity in generators
Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Electric current can produce a magnetic field and be used to create an electromagnet
Electromagnets are used in electric motors to transform electrical energy to mechanical energy.

5. Electromagnetism
Moving a magnet through a coil of wires generates electric current

6. Basic Generator
A moving magnet called the ROTOR moves through a stationary coil of wires called the STATOR.
The moving magnet’s field generates a flow of electrons, creating a current.

7. Basic Motor
Electricity flowing through a coil of wire generates a magnetic field.
This field interacts with the permanent magnet’s poles
This interaction cause the coil to spin.

8. This coil of wire is called a SOLENOID
Electromagnetism
Flowing electricity creates a magnetic force field
This coil of wire is called a SOLENOID

9. Electromagnetism
Add an iron core and you create an electromagnet as the electricity causes the iron’s domains to align

10. Advantages of Electromagnets
Can be turned off and on
Can be made stronger (by more coils, larger core, or more current)
Polarity can be reversed

11. World’s Simplest Motor! Let’s try it!
Your table will get:
1 D-cell battery (source of electricity)
1 neodymium magnet (very strong)
1 finishing screw (made of coated steel - ferromagnetic)
1 piece of copper wire (good conductor)