1. 13 Colonies Economies New England: (Plymouth 1620) -Whaling
-Ship building
-Fishing
Middle: (Manhattan 1626)
-Small farms (corn, wheat, livestock)
-Lumber, Textiles, iron ore
Southern: (#1-Jamestown, VA 1607)
-Large farms (tobacco, indigo, silk, rice)

2. Fort King George 1st English presence in GA

3. How Colonies Were Founded
New colonies were made by an appeal to the king
King issues a formal charter to start colony
Charter serves as a constitution for colony
4 Types of colonies:
Corporate colony- king gives land to a company (many were joint-stock companies) (VIRGINIA)
Proprietary colony -king issued a charter granting ownership to a person or group (PENNSYLVANIA…safe place for Quakers)
Royal colony -operated directly by the English govt. through a royal governor appointed by the king (none started out as royal colonies, but most became one)
Trustee colony- Georgia was the only one; led by 21 men (including Oglethorpe) who oversaw the colonists

4. Puritans vs. Separatists
-Puritans-against the Church of England (wanted to reform it)
-Separatists-wanted to separate and start a new church
1620-Mayflower-101 pilgrims settled at Plymouth, which was part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Separatists)

5. Pilgrims arriving at Plymouth

6. 4 Reasons for English Colonies
1607-Jamestown-England’s first permanent settlement
England wanted colonies because:
Resources in North America
Mercantilism- a trade policy designed to make a nation as self-sufficient and wealthy as possible (try to export more than import); because of the climate in England, had to use resources from colonies to have Mercantilism work; TOBACCO introduced from South America and Caribbean
Wealthy English wanted a new place to live for the poor, homeless, and unemployed of England
Religious groups –practice faith without discrimination

8. How Georgia Got Its Start
1732- James Oglethorpe, member of British Parliament (well known in prison reform), convinced king to sign a charter to create colony of GA
Founder of GA
Born to a wealthy family
Fought for the less fortunate
Friend died in debtor’s prison
Would be a colony for those released from prison, who were debtors

9. James Oglethorpe

12. Why Settle in GA
June 30, charter specified boundaries, form of govt., rights, etc.
GA had 3 purposes:
1) charity- poor (debtors) could get a new start, Protestants could flee from Catholics (religion was not mentioned in charter)
2) economics-Fit into mercantilism system, GA had conducive climate, Engage in agric. England couldn’t (ex. Mulberries, grapes, olives)
3)defense- protect the Carolinas (buffer)

13. How were slaves affected?
S.C. slaves had previously tried to escape to Florida because Spain stated that former English slaves would get freedom in FL
Establishment of GA made it more difficult

14. Charter of 1732 Permission: Given by King George II
Charter: a legal document that grants certain rights
The name: after King George II
Rules:
Trustees could not make a profit
No Catholics
No Slaves
No Rum or Liquor
No Lawyers
Could not…sell land or leave to women
Could not…own more than 500 acres

16. Tomichichi’s Kindness
Tomichichi & the Yamacraws controlled the land
T let him have it because the Y were not farmers & Indians could trade with the English
2/12/1733-colonists arrived at Yamacraw Bluff (GA Day)

17. Tomochichi:
Chief of the Yamacraw
Gave permission to settle the bluff
John & Mary Musgrove:
Owned trading post on the bluff
Served as liaison & interpreter
Savannah
Georgia’s first city
Est. By Oglethorpe in 1733
Location: about 18 miles up the Savannah River

18. Trustee Period (1732-1752) Governed by 21 trustees
Allowed a diverse population
Fighting caused disinterest
Oglethorpe dealt w/ Spanish
Relaxed restrictions towards the end of the charter

19. Ebenezer Community
1734-German-speaking settlers (Salzburgers) went to Savannah
Lutheran Protestants had been persecuted
Fled to England, then to GA
Settled 25 miles NW from Savannah (Ebenezer)
Area too swampy and too far from river
1736-wanted new area-Red Bluff (New Ebenezer)
Many died and very strict on religion (punished for misbehavior)
Produced silk and first cotton in GA
First GA governor- John Adam Treutlen

20. Ebenezer settlement church in Effingham County
(oldest
settlement
building in
GA)

21. Diverse Populations…. Salzburgers From Salzburg, Germany & Austria
Why did they come? Religious freedom
Ebenezer: near Savannah
Led by: John Martin Boltzius
Jews
Not expected, non-Christian colonists
Samuel Nuns: Doctor that saved many lives

22. Highland Scots Settled Georgia’s southern frontier Established Darien
Protected Georgia’s southern flank

23. The British are coming…
Oglethorpe, Tomichichi, & Tomichichi’s nephew (Tooanahowi) went to England to ask king for funds to protect GA from S & F
Forts were established near GA border
O wanted to be allies with N.A., but many colonists were cheating the N.A.
1737- “Colonel” O developed an army funded by King George
1739-English declared war on Spain

24. War of Jenkins Ear 1739 Disputed land & sailing rights
Raided & pirated each other
Spanish captured Capt. Jenkins & cut his ear off
Jenkins went to Parliament &
Asked for retribution/retaliation

25. Spanish Threat In 1740…Oglethorpe attacked
Showed force yet could not defeat the Spanish
Retreated to Ft. Frederica & waited

26. Battle of the Bloody Marsh
1742-O attacked Florida & had Battle of the Bloody Marsh (English won) at St. Simons
1743-O went back to England & got married (never returned)
Colony turned bleak
1752-royal colony under British control