1. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

2. Canada in the 21st Century
As Canadians, we are blessed with incredible freedom.
There is also a lot of hardship, evil, and more and more persecution. Examples:
Crime and gangs
Abortion
Divorce and the redefinition of family
Pornography
Drugs

3. Do they have the Right under the Charter?????

4. How did this come to be?
One factor is that as a country, we have pushed God out of the public square (our courts, Parliament, etc).
We have replaced God with our own standards of right and wrong.
Pierre Elliott Trudeau
1982 – Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Becomes part of our constitution (Constitution Act)
Effectively replaces the Bill of Rights

5. Rights, Responsibilities, and Privileges
What is a right?
An entitlement, that comes from someone who has the authority to give it (e.g. life). Usually it can not be taken away.
What is a responsibility?
Something which must be performed as an obligation or duty. Responsibilities are necessary for rights to exist (e.g. uphold the life of our neighbour).
What is a privilege?
A benefit that comes from a particular position which can be removed, changed, or increased (e.g. holidays).

6. Charter Preamble
“Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law:”
Supposed to set the context for the rest of the Charter.
Is now referred to as the “embarrassing preamble” and ignored.
But if rights require a rights-giver, and if our country doesn’t believe in God, then where do these rights come from?

7. Section One
“The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.”
Even rights have limits
Can you think of examples?

8. Section Two Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms:
a) freedom of conscience and religion;
b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication;
c) freedom of peaceful assembly; and
d) freedom of association.

9. Section Three
“Every citizen of Canada has the right to vote in an election of members of the House of Commons or of a legislative assembly and to be qualified for membership therein.”

10. Section Seven
“Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.”
Who does this apply to?

11. Sections 8-10, 12
8. Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure. 9. Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned. 10. Everyone has the right on arrest or detention a) to be informed promptly of the reasons therefor; b) to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; … 12. Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.

12. Section 15
15. (1) Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.

13. Important things to remember
The Charter is meant to protect people from actions by our governments.
What happens when rights conflict?
E.g. a minister being asked to perform a wedding for a couple that he believes shouldn’t be married?
The Supreme Court of Canada
Perhaps the highest authority in Canada
Decides how the Charter should be interpreted.

14. Dangers from the Charter
The vague wording gives a lot of power to judges to interpret it as they see fit.
They tend to interpret it using a humanist worldview.
Judges and courts are given the power to trump what Parliament says.
Focused on “me first” at the expense of the vulnerable.
Lacks a moral foundation.

15. Important Cases challenging the Charter
Lord’s Day Act challenged
Big M Drug Mart opens up for business
Anti-terrorism Act
Charter usurped for collective safety
Keegstra
Freedom of speech vs.
Equality Rights
Hutterites
Religion vs. Safety

16. Has Not Always Been Equal
Women’s Right to Vote
Suffragettes
Indian Act
Assimilation
Ukrainian, Italian, Japanese Internment
Ukrainian WWI
Italian and Japanese WWII
Under the War Measures Act, deemed to be aliens
Most were Canadian citizens
Seized property and assets