1. Esters

2. Esters
Esters are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol e.g.
CH3COOH CH3OH = CH3COOCH H2O
Ethanoic acid Methanol Methyl ethanoate

3. Naming esters: methyl ethanoate
The first part of the ester name comes from the parent alcohol with the - anol changed to – yl and the second part of the name comes from the parent acid with the - oic acid changed to – oate.

4. Methyl methanoate HCOOCH3

5. Ethyl methanoate HCOOC2H5

6. Methyl ethanoate CH3COOCH3

7. Ethyl ethanoate CH3COOC2H5

8. Physical properties Physical state: Liquid
Boiling points higher than the corresponding alkanes, but lower than the corresponding alcohols

9. Physical properties
Soluble in water and non-polar solvents such as cyclohexane
As the number of carbon atoms in a molecule of the ester increases, solubility in water decreases, while solubility in cyclohexane increases

10. Occurrence and uses of esters
Occur naturally in fruits – are responsible for their flavours -
and flowers – are responsible for their pleasant smells
Fats and oils are naturally occurring esters of long chain carboxylic acids
Ethyl ethanoate is used as a solvent for printing inks and paints