1. 26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

2. Carboxylic Acids (Organic Acids)
Functional group: carboxyl (combines carbonyl and hydroxyl) _______
General formula: _____ or R-COOH

3. Naming Carboxylic Acids
IUPAC
Name longest hydrocarbon chain, add “-oic acid” to root word.
Name any branches as necessary.

4. Properties of Carboxylic Acids
Long chain carboxylic acids are known as fatty acids.
Very polar; soluble in water.
Undergo hydrogen bonding, therefore higher boiling points.

5. Esters Functional group: __________ General formula: ____ (R-COOR)
Formed from rxn of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

6. Naming Esters Based on the alcohol and carboxylic acid it formed from.
Change the name of the alcohol to end in –yl.
Take the name of the acid and add “–oate” to it (if IUPAC) or “-ate” (if common.

7. Ester examples Ester formed by reacting ethanol and propanoic acid.
Ethyl propanoate
Ester formed by reacting formic acid and propanol.
Propyl formate

8. Properties of Esters
Polar, but do not form hydrogen bonds. Therefore, boiling points are lower than alcohols or acids.
Have very distinctive fragrances (ex: orange, banana, apple, wintergreen, rum, pineapple)