1. Adjusted mortality risk
Adjusted mortality risk* by hemoglobin quintiles and by anemia as defined by WHO criteria
Hemoglobin counts
Mortality HR (95% CI)
By quintile (lowest to highest levels)
1st, n=1205 (men, <13.7 g/dL; women, <12.6 dL)
1.33 ( )
2nd, n=1131
1.15 ( )
3rd, n=1183
1.03 ( )
4th, n=1095
1.00
5th, n=1183 (men, >15.6 g/dL; women, >14.4 g/dL)
1.17 ( )
By WHO criteria
Anemia, n=498 (men, <13 g/dL; women, <12 g/dL)
1.38 ( ) relative to higher levels
*Adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline CV disease, HF, diabetes, prebaseline cancer, ankle-arm index, self-reported health status, smoking history, and forced vital capacity. Further adjustment for renal dysfunction and inflammatory markers did not further reduce risk.
Zakai NA et al. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: