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Life under the Old Regime
18th Century European Social & Economic Structures
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What was the Old Regime? Pre-Revolutionary (1789) Europe
Era of Absolutism on the Continent Growing bureaucracies & military Active & involved Aristocracy Rigid social class system & mindset Traditional production & business methods
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What were the features of the Old Regime?
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Were There Aristocratic Variations?
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What was the Life of the Peasant Like?
Farmers & laborers “Free” Peasants >> England & France Serfs in Central & Eastern areas tied to the land, village, local Lord Heavy Taxes, Feudal dues, Service Revolt? Pugachev’s Rebellion …change? Riots…change?
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How Else Were Peasants Oppressed?
English Game Laws – Gentry v. Peasant Aristocrats controlled access to game (food) Peasants suffered from malnutrition Poaching for survival Black Market Poaching for profit Scarcity leads people to act… lawfully or unlawfully
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What Were Family Structures & Life Like During the Old Regime?
NW Euro Model Nuclear + Servants b/c ↑ Mortality Rate Neo-localism Teens move out Servant / Apprentice ($) Late Marriage = Mid-20s Establish own home Eastern Euro Model Multi-generation HH Early Marriage Landlord controlled Serfs stayed on land Labor supply Approval of marriage Re-marriage
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How was the Family Based Economy Organized?
Household is basic unit Outsider? Different? = Suspicion All family members worked / contributed Father – Mother – Children – Early Teen Husband – Wife partnership Farm life v. Artisan life
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How did Women & Children fare in the 18th c. Family Economy?
Lack of Opportunity Household is key Train at home Move out >> Dowry Establish your own HH Marriage $$ - sex – ego needs Children Burden >> birth control Family size variation Reality of Children Child = vulnerablility Wet Nursing Infanticide Foundling Homes
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