1. Industrialization & Urbanization 2

2. Industrialization & Urbanization 2
Years of the 2nd phase of industrialization in Quebec:

3. Cahracteristics Details Technologies & Energy
Fairly complex and costly technology.
Large industrial complexes
Electric motor HYDROELECTRICITY
CAPITAL ($$$)
Investment goes from British (80% in 1900) to American (60% in 1929)
English population alligns itself with banks and investment
No real investment by French Canadians

4. TRANSPORTATION
Naval transportation more and more important (along the St. Lawrence Seaway).
Railway still very important
Railways are becoming larger
Roads are not very efficient
Roads becoming more and more important
SITES FOR INDUSTRIES
Close to railway lines
Close to populations (not always large)
Close to raw materials (wood, copper, gold, iron, etc.)
Close to waterways
Close to energy sources

5. Types of Industries
Food, leather, textiles and clothing,
wood, iron, steel
Paper and paper products
Mines
Metalworking
Electricity  Hydro
Market
Local / Canadian market
Exportation as well
Labour
English bosses and supervisors
« Cheap labor » francophones, non skilled
Exploitation of women and children
New types of workers that were more education and higher paid  usually English speaking
Immigrants as workers

6. Regional Development (Types of Industries)
HYDRO-ELECTRIC ENERGY:
Lots of waterways in Quebec to build a hydro-electric network
Take over of land traditionally used by Aboriginal peoples (lakes, rivers, waterfalls)
American technology and capital ($$$)
Companies would monopolize regions (own all hydro dams in one region)

13. Regional Development (Types of Industries)
Economic Reality : MINES
Development of the Estrie region  asbestos
Development of Abitibi  gold, silver, copper and zinc
Eastern Quebec  Thetford Mines  Asbestos

23. Regional Development (Types of Industries)
Production of paper and paper products:
Elements
Innovations / technologies extraction/ transportation/ production
softwood trees-pine, etc.
Energy  hydro electric
Because of the expansion of newspapers and other forms of printed press  high demand for paper
DEMAND COMING FROM USA

32. Regional Development (Types of Industries)
Chemical plants / industry:
Lots of energy needed
Development of the aluminium industry
Regions specialize in aluminium extraction

44. Region Champs d’Industrialisation Montreal
Textiles, clothing, chemical production, food, railway equipment
Quebec (city)
Clothes / shoes
Trois-Rivières & Mauricie
Paper, chemical, hydro electricity
Sherbrooke & Eastern townships
asbestos, textiles, clothing
Hull & Outaouais
hydro electricity, paper and paper products
Saguenay/Lac St. Jean
hydro electricity, aluminium, paper products
Abitibi
Gold, silver and copper  mines