1. What is the difference between a country and a state?
Chapter 1
What is the difference between a country and a state?
The terms state and country have the same meaning. A state and country are defined by :
Population, the most obvious essential feature of a state.
An area with fixed boundaries.
Sovereignty, or absolute authority, within its territorial boundaries.
A government which maintains order, provides public services, and enforces.

2. In what two ways does population affect a state?
Chapter 1
In what two ways does population affect a state?
The state is more likely to be stable if the population agrees about basic beliefs, or has social consensus.

3. Chapter 1
On which theory of the origin of states is the government of the United States based?
Social Contract Theory, the people gave the government its power to rule them, and in return the government had to respect the people’s rights. Remember the names John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.

4. List three ways the government might influence the economy.
Chapter 1
List three ways the government might influence the economy.
Taxes
Import Restrictions
Wholesale Interest Rates
and Government Spending

5. Chapter 1
Compare the systems of government in Great Britain and the United States.
The British unitary system of government gives all key powers to the national or central government.
The US federal system of government divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments.

6. List the purposes of the Constitution.
Chapter 1
List the purposes of the Constitution.
A constitution is a plan that provides the rules for government.
Whether written or unwritten, a constitution organizes the structure of government and the way it operates.
Constitutions set out the goals and purposes of government as well as the ideals shared by the people.
Constitutions provide the supreme law for states and their governments.

7. Why is politics useful to the citizens of a country?
Chapter 1
Why is politics useful to the citizens of a country?
Politics is the effort to control or influence the policies and actions of government.
Individuals and groups use politics to seek benefits from government.
Although special interest groups seek special benefits, politics also provides benefits for all the people.

8. What factors have resulted in the growing interdependence among state?
Chapter 1
What factors have resulted in the growing interdependence among state?
The world today is divided into industrialized nations, developing nations, and newly industrialized nations.
These groups of nations have many differences, but they are interdependent in many ways.
Other groups besides nations, including multinational corporations, political movements, terrorist groups and international organizations, are important in today’s world.

9. Describe the two different forms of democracy.
Chapter 1
Describe the two different forms of democracy.
Direct democracy places all power in the hands of the individual. When political decisions must be made, all members of a polity gather together and individuals cast a vote. The second major type of democracy is referred to as representative democracy. This political arrangement establishes an intermediary political actor between the individual and the policy outputs of the state.

10. What are the four characteristics of democracy?
Chapter 1
What are the four characteristics of democracy?
It promotes individual liberty, or equal opportunity for all people.
It is based on majority rule with minority rights.
It requires elections in which candidates can express their views freely, voting requirements are few and nondiscriminatory, and each person’s vote is equal and cast by secret ballot.
It allows competing political parties, with different approaches to issues, to give voters a choice.

11. List five way citizens in democracy participate in government.
Chapter 1
List five way citizens in democracy participate in government.
Vote in elections
Serve on juries
Work for candidates
Run for government office
Be informed on issues

12. What three questions must an economic system answer?
Chapter 1
What three questions must an economic system answer?
What and how much should be produced?
How good and services should be produced?
Who gets the goods and services that are produced?

13. How should goods and services be produced?
Chapter 1
How should goods and services be produced?
The United States is a mixed-market economy, one in which free enterprise, or capitalist practices, are combined with and supported by government influences.

14. Who gets the goods and services that are produced?
Chapter 1
Who gets the goods and services that are produced?
Buyers and sellers have unlimited freedom to make economic decisions in a free market.

15. Chapter 2
How did John Locke, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau affect the government of the United States?
These three men believed that people should contract among themselves to form governments to protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property. They argued that if a government failed to protect these rights, the people could change the government.

16. Chapter 2
Where did the writers of the US Constitution find out about separation of powers?
The colonial legislatures were the training grounds for the leaders who later wrote the constitution.

17. Chapter 2
How did the outcome of the French and Indian War change the relationship between the American colonists and British?
The British government tightened its control over the colonies after the French and Indian wars. King George III and his ministers made the colonies help pay for the war by levying new taxes on the colonists.
Also known as the Seven Year War

18. What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress?
Chapter 2
What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress?
On September 5, 12 colonies sent delegates to the First Continental Congress in Those delegates agreed to an embargo to prohibit trade with Great Britain.

19. Why is the Declaration of Independence so famous?
Chapter 2
Why is the Declaration of Independence so famous?
The Declaration set forth the principles for the new nation. The Declaration had three parts: a statement of purpose, including a description of basic human rights; a list of specific complaints against King George III; and a statement of the colonists’ determination to separate from Great Britain. The Declaration supported principles of human liberty and consent of the governed.

20. Did the members of Congress under the Articles represent the people?
Chapter 2
Did the members of Congress under the Articles represent the people? No

21. Chapter 2
Which do you consider the greatest weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
The Congress had to depend on the states for money and had no power to collect taxes, regulate trade, or enforce the laws.
Amending the Articles required the approval of all the states.
The central government had no President or executive branch and carried out much of its work through Congressional committees.
There was no system of national courts; instead state courts enforced and interpreted national laws.

22. Chapter 2
How did the land policies of the Confederation help to create the present United States?
The Confederation government established a fair policy for developing land west of the Appalachian Mountains. The ordinance was enacted, The Northwest Ordianance of 1787

23. Why did Shays’s Rebellion cause concern in Congress?
Chapter 2
Why did Shays’s Rebellion cause concern in Congress?
The central government could not pay its debts. An economic depression in lead to Shays’s Rebellion, an armed uprising by Massachusetts farmers who could not pay their debts. The resulting unrest frightened American leaders, so Congress authorized a convention of the states in 1787 for the purpose of “revising the Articles of Confederation.”

24. On what issues did the convention delegates agree?
Chapter 2
On what issues did the convention delegates agree?
The idea of limited and representative government.
The powers of the national government should be divided among legislative, executive and judicial branches.
To limit the powers of the states to coin money or to interfere in creditor's rights.
Strengthen the national government.

25. Chapter 2
How did the Connecticut Compromise satisfy both large and small states?
It proposed a legislative branch with two parts: a House of Representatives with state representation based on population, and a Senate with two members from each state, regardless of size. This compromise gave the large states an advantage in the House and protected the smaller states in the Senate.

26. How did Federalists counter the Anti-Federalists’ greatest fear?
Chapter 2
How did Federalists counter the Anti-Federalists’ greatest fear?
The Federalists promised that the new government would immediately add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. This promise turned the tide in their favor.

27. Which topics do Articles I, II, and III of the Constitution cover?
Chapter 3
Which topics do Articles I, II, and III of the Constitution cover?
Article I creates Congress.
Article II creates an executive branch.
Article III establishes a Supreme Court.

28. Chapter 3
Describe one way the President checks the Congress and one way Congress checks the President.
Checks and balances, the process by which each branch of government exercises some powers over the others. Congress passes laws but the President can veto a law. Congress can override the President’s veto by a two-thirds vote of each house, Senate and Representatives.

29. Chapter 3
Why is the final enumerated power of Congress called the elastic clause?
The eighteenth and final enumerated power gives Congress the right to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its other powers. This is called the elastic clause because it allows Congress to “stretch” its powers in unforeseen situations.

30. Which powers of the President involve foreign nations?
Chapter 3
Which powers of the President involve foreign nations?
In dealing with other nations, Presidents use executive agreements that do not require the approval of Congress. Makes treaties with the consent of the Senate. Meets with foreign officials.

31. Explain how the Supreme Court can check the power of Congress.
Chapter 3
Explain how the Supreme Court can check the power of Congress.
Judicial review gave the Supreme Court power to decide whether acts of Congress were constitutional.

32. Describe two kinds of conflicts Congress and the President experience.
Chapter 3
Describe two kinds of conflicts Congress and the President experience.
At times, Presidents accuses Congress with trying to take away powers of the executive. At other times, the President and Congress quarrel over the way the President carries out laws.

33. What are two ways an Amendment can be ratified?
Chapter 3
What are two ways an Amendment can be ratified?
One way is for legislatures in three fourths of the state to ratify the Amendment. The other method is for each state to call a special ratifying convention.

34. Chapter 3
In what two ways does Congress make informal changes to the Constitution?
Congress has passed laws that have changed or clarified many provisions of the Constitution.
Congress has shaped the Constitution by using the powers granted the legislative branch.

35. Chapter 3
In what three areas have Presidents made informal changes to the Constitution?
Vice President John Tyler established the precedent of Presidential succession.
In dealing with other nations, Presidents use executive agreements that do not require the approval of Congress.
Modern Presidents have greatly strengthened the powers of their office by proposing their own legislative agendas to Congress.

36. Chapter 3
How do federal courts help make the meaning of the Constitution clearer?
The Supreme Court uses judicial review to interpret the Constitution.
The Supreme Court’s rulings can change to reflect the changing condition of the times.

37. Chapter 3
Describe two ways in which political parties are an important part of American government.
Political parties are an example of customs that have informally changed the Constitution.
Although political parties are not mentioned in the Constitution, they soon began to organize government and conduct elections; today they play a vital role in government.

38. In what three ways did the Constitution divide government authority?
Chapter 4
In what three ways did the Constitution divide government authority?
The U.S. Constitution divides authority among the national government, the states, and the people.

39. List five expressed powers of the national government.
Chapter 4
List five expressed powers of the national government.
The national government’s expressed powers allow it to levy taxes
To coin money
To make war
To raise an army and navy
To regulate interstate commerce

40. What is the difference between reserved powers and concurrent powers?
Chapter 4
What is the difference between reserved powers and concurrent powers?
The reserved powers belong strictly to the states, which may exercise any power not delegated to the national government, reserved to the people, or denied them by the Constitution.
The concurrent power are the power to tax, to maintain courts and define crimes, and to appropriate private property for public use.
Reserved powers belong to the states. Concurrent powers are powers that both the national government and states have.

41. What three guarantees does the national government owe to states?
Chapter 4
What three guarantees does the national government owe to states?
States are guaranteed a republican form of government.
States are guaranteed protection from invasion and domestic violence.
States are guaranteed respect for their territorial integrity.

42. What three steps make up the process of admitting a new state?
Chapter 4
What three steps make up the process of admitting a new state?
Congress has the power to admit new states to the Union.
Congress or the President may set conditions for admitting a state.
Each state admitted is equal to every other state.

43. What two services do states perform for the national government?
Chapter 4
What two services do states perform for the national government?
The Constitution obligates states to conduct and pay for all elections of federal officials and to consider the ratification of constitutional Amendments.

44. What precedent did the Supreme Court set in McCulloch v. Maryland?
Chapter 4
What precedent did the Supreme Court set in McCulloch v. Maryland?
The Court held that the national government is supreme in the instance of conflict between the national government and state government.

45. Chapter 4
During what two periods did the Supreme Court accept the states’ rights position on federalism?
( ) and ( )

46. Chapter 4
How did the Supreme Court link the power to regulate commerce with civil rights?
In 1964 the Court ruled, that Congress could prohibit racial discrimination in hotels and restaurants because it hindered travel and therefore restricted interstate commerce. The Civil Rights Act of 1964.

47. Chapter 4
What are the ways in which Congress can influence the policies of state and local governments?
Federal aid to the states has greatly increased since the 1950s; the main way the national government provides money to the states is through federal grants.
Preemption laws limit the authority of state and local governments to make their own policies.

48. In what two ways does federalism affect public policy?
Chapter 4
In what two ways does federalism affect public policy?
Federalism affects public policy, or government courses of action, in two ways: it affects how and where new policies are made, and it sets limits on government policymaking.

49. Chapter 4
How does federalism lessen the chance of one political party gaining a monopoly of power?
Federalism makes it possible for rival parties to win elections at state and local levels, and lessens the risk of one party monopolizing power.

50. Chapter 4
How does federalism make government in the United States more democratic?
It creates political bases from which the opposition party can develop new policies to challenge the majority. Federalism provides easier access to political office and opportunities to influence public policy.

51. How did the federal bureaucracy develop?
Chapter 4
How did the federal bureaucracy develop?
Federal programs began to increase in response to economic problems

52. Chapter 4
What are some of the differences in the political and economic environments of different states?
Some states do more than others to regulate industry, provide more healthcare, provide more welfare, and go to greater lengths to protect the environment. Some states are economically more stable than other, example, California is the 6th largest economy in the WORLD not just the US where as West Virginia is not even 6th in the US.

53. How do Republicans and Democrats differ on the issue of federalism?
Chapter 4
How do Republicans and Democrats differ on the issue of federalism?
In recent decades, Democrats have generally favored a nationalist position while Republicans have favored a states’ rights view.