1. 1. What is an illusion?
A perceptual experience in which you perceive an image as being so strangely distorted that, in reality, it cannot and does not exist

2. 2. Why do we experience the Muller-Lyer Illusion?
Müller-Lyer illusion

3. We rely on size cues learned from our previous
experience with corners of rooms.
Relative size affects our perception

4. Subliminal Messages NO! SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECIES!
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Subliminal Messages
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3. According to the Epley study, were the subliminal tapes responsible for improvements in memory or self-esteem?
NO!
4. Why did people report and improvement?
SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECIES!
They had strong beliefs about changing some behavior and then acted, unknowingly, to make that belief come true.
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6. 5. How do our moods affect our perceptions?
Researchers found that subjects in a happy mood perceived happy words significantly faster than subjects in sad moods (and vice-versa)
Emotional states can affect our perceptions without our awareness
6. Do subliminal ads work?
No evidence that they do

7. 7. Why were members of a native African tribe unable to recognize a picture of a cow or dog in a 1980 experiment?
They had no experience with black and white photos, thus they said that there were no animals in the photos (they could recognize color photos)
Mr. Albert

8. 8. Describe two differences in perception between Japanese and Americans in their descriptions of photographs.
Japanese focused on the environment & the relationship between the fish & the background (holistic)
Americans focused on the biggest and brightest; we tend to analyze each object separately (analytic)

9. 9. Discuss differences in perception of motion between different cultures.
Non-western cultures did not perceive cartoons with motion lines as depicting motion

10. 10. Why were native Africans able to draw “impossible figures” much more easily than Americans?
Africans without formal education did not have experience with two-dimensional figures meant to represent three dimensional objects

11. 11. Define perceptual sets.
Learned expectations that are based on our personal experiences
12. How do perceptual sets affect our perceptions?
They automatically add information, meaning, or feelings to our perceptions and thus change or bias our perceptions

12. Ponzo
Illusion