1. Cell Organelles ‘the intracellular specialty shop’
Dr. Sadaf Mumtaz
8/12/11

2. The cell

3. Cytosol

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum

5. Functions of ER Rough ER Smooth ER Protein synthesis
Central packaging and discharge site
Lipid synthesis (some)
Lipid synthesis (mainly)
Modification of newly synthesized protein
Detoxifying enzymes
Replacement of used up membrane
Stores Calcium in muscle cells
Provides enzymes for glycogenolysis

6. Golgi apparatus

9. Lysosomes Enzyme Substrate Ribonuclease RNA Deoxyribonuclease DNA
Phosphatase
Phosphate esters
Glycosidases
Complex carbohydrates
Arylsulfatases
Sulfate esters
Collagenase
Collagens
Cathepsins
Proteins

10. Pinocytosis

11. Phagocytosis

12. Lysosomal storage diseases
Enzyme deficient
Disease manifested
α-galactosidase
(biodegradation of a glycolipid)
Fabry disease (blood vessels, tissues etc)
(Pain, Cardiac, Renal, GI
manifestations)
β-galactocerebrosidase
(biodegradation of a lipid)
Gauchers disease
(WBC)
Hexosaminidase
(biodegradation of FA derivatives)
Tay-Sachs disease (nerves)
(Blindness, deafness, muscle weakness)

13. Peroxisomes Oxidase enzymes RH2 + O2------R + H2O2
Catalase utilizes the H2O2 generated by other enzymes in the organelle to oxidize a variety of other substrates—including phenols, formic acid, formaldehyde, and alcohol—by the “peroxidative” reaction:
H2O2 + R′ H2 → R′ + 2H2O.
This type of oxidative reaction is particularly important in liver and kidney cells, where the peroxisomes detoxify various toxic molecules that enter the bloodstream.
In addition, when excess H2O2 accumulates in the cell, catalase converts it to H2O.
Single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies and peroxisomal biogenesis disorders

14. Mitochondria

15. Glycolysis

16. Citric acid cycle

17. Electron transport chain

18. Activation of ATP synthase

19. Uses of ATP

20. Vaults
Speculations ---- Chemotherapeutic drug resistance in cancer cells

21. Cytosol
Storage house
Enzymatic reactions
Ribosomal protein synthesis

22. Thanks