1. What is the periodic table ? What
information may be obtained from the
table? How can elemental properties
be predicted?

2. Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Mendeleev looked for patterns of properties among the 63 known elements. When the elements were arranged by increasing atomic mass, the patterns emerged.
When the table was arranged, there were three blank spaces. Mendeleev predicted the properties of these elements, scandium, gallium, and germanium.

3. Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
Nonmetals
Metals

4. Reading the Periodic Table: Classification
Elements are arranged by
increasing atomic number.
Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases

5. Across the Periodic Table
Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (rows 1-7)
These elements have the same number of electron shells.
2nd Period
6th Period

6. Down the Periodic Table
Family/Group: arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or 1-8 A,B)
These elements have the same number of valence electrons; electrons found in the outer most shells.
Alkali Family: 1 e-
in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e-
Alkaline Earth Family:
2 e- in the valence shell

7. Families of the Periodic Table
Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
Alkali
Alkaline (earth)
Transition Metals
Noble Gas
Halogen s

8. Reading an element’s square
Chemical

9. Important members - the Elements
Individual members of selected Elements & their characteristics H He Li Na K Ca Mg Fe I Cl F P S Si O N C Al Zn Cu Ag Br

10. Elements Form in the Stars
Plasma – extremely high
temperature and pressure
Heaviest elements
created in a Supernova
FUSION
Smaller
Nuclei
join
to form
larger
nuclei
Hydrogen
Isotopes
Important
source of
energy in
the sun

11. Q: Who developed the early periodic table?
A: Dimitri Mendeleev
Q: What information can be found in the element square
on the periodic table?
A: chemical name and symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass
Q: What are the three main categories of elements?
A: metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
Q: Where are each of the categories found on the table?
A: metals are on the left; nonmetals are on the right;
metalloids are along the zigzag line

12. Q: The rows are called _________, and the columns are called ________.
A: periods and families/groups
Q: What does an element’s period number indicate?
A: the number of electron shells (energy levels)
Q: What does an element’s family number indicate?
A: elements in the same family share common characteristics
including reactivity.
Q: What can be determined by knowing that an element is in families
1,2 and 13-18?
A: the number of valence electrons

13. Q: What is a valence electron?
A: the electron(s) found in the outermost shell of the atom.
Valence electrons are involved in bonding
Q: How many valence electron does the halogen family have?
A: 7
Q: Why is group 18 called the noble/inert gases?
A: Their valence shell is complete, 2 for He and 8 for the others.
Q: Through what process do elements form in the stars?
A: fusion

14. Q: Describe the process by which He is made in the sun.
A: Two H nuclei join together to form a He atom; energy
is given off in the process.
Q: Why are atoms able to fuse and make new atoms in the stars?
A: Fusion is possible because of the extremely high temperature
and pressure.
Q: Where do the heaviest elements form?
A: in supernovas

15. Periodic Table: electron behavior
METALS
METALLOIDS
NON-METALS
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
Transition
Noble gas
Halogens
14-16
Along the
zigzag line
These elements
Tend to give up e-
and form cations
These elements
tend to accept e-
and form anions
Will give up
or accept e-