1. Chapter 19: Patient Care: Nursing

2. Registered Nurses Overview
Most education & widest scope of practice of nurses
_______________________________________________
Large demand
Diverse work settings
Flexible working arrangements
U.S. News & World Report: ____________________________

3. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
History of the Profession
Ancient times: women tending families during sickness
Early Christian times: _______________________________
__________________________________________________
Early 16th century: __________________________________
___________________________________________________
18th & 19th centuries: reform in roles
________________: elevated nursing to respected profession
After WWII: universities & colleges set up schools of nursing
States developed & adopted a national licensing exam for nurses

4. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Isabel Hampton Robb, & Mary Mahoney (Courtesy of the Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania)

5. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Diploma Programs
Offered by hospitals
__________________________
Earliest of nursing programs
Main source of graduates until 1960s
Decreasing in number in recent years
___________________________________________________

6. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Associate’s Degree Programs
Associate’s degree in nursing (ADN)
Offered at ______________________________________
Typically 2-3 years
Prepare nurses for various settings
Hospitals
________________________________
Home health care
______________________________________________
Prepare students to carry out nursing roles & functions

7. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Bachelor’s Degree Programs
Bachelor of science in nursing (BSN)
______________________________________________
Accelerated BSN programs for those who already have bachelor’s
Built on ______________________________
_________________________________________________
Emphasis on working with health care team, research, foundation for graduate study, variety of practice settings

8. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Course Work
_________________
Physiology
Microbiology
Nutrition
Nursing practice

9. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Further Education
Bachelor’s degree
____________________________________________
Required for many administrative, managerial, & community health positions
Accelerated master’s degree programs (combined BSN & MSN)
Master’s degree programs
_______________________________________________
In-service education (on-site training)

10. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Licensure
______________________: ________________________
Exam & licensure is by states
Nurse practice acts: regulation of nursing by states
_______________________________________________

11. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Certification
Specialty certification available
____________________________________
American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN)
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Requires:
Licensure
_______________________________________________
Must be renewed every 3 (AACN) or 5 (ANA) years

12. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
General Duties
_________________________________________________
Supervision of other nurses & nursing assistants
Advice & emotional support to families of patients
Patient education

13. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Specialties
Emergency or trauma care
_____________________________
Addiction
Diabetes
___________________________________________________
Specific population (neonatal, pediatric, geriatric)
Non-patient (infection control, forensics, informatics, case management)

14. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Personal Characteristics
Desire to help others
____________________________________
Detail-oriented
Good judgment

15. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Employment Opportunities and Trends
32% growth from 2008 to 2018
In demand due to:
______________________________________________
Increased emphasis on preventive care

16. Registered Nurses (cont’d)
Professional Organization
ANA
____________________________________
Founded in 1896
Encourages research to advance nursing practice
Advocates on behalf of nursing at state & federal levels
Benefits: subscription to journals, discounts on certification, online continuing education, conferences, educational events

17. Licensed Practical Nurses
History of the Profession
1892: first formal training program in U.S., at YWCA
1930: 11 practical nursing schools were operating
Late 1930s: process of state licensure begun
___________________________________________________
1941: Association of Practical Nurse Schools founded
Renamed National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES)
1955: _____________________________________________
1966: Accreditation of schools by National League for Nursing begun

18. Licensed Practical Nurses (cont’d)
Education
_________________________________
Programs offered by:
Technical & vocational schools
__________________________________________
Programs require HS diploma or equivalent
_____________________________________________
Classroom study & supervised clinical practice

19. Licensed Practical Nurses (cont’d)
Course Work
Basic nursing concepts
Anatomy & physiology
___________________________________________
Pediatric nursing
Pharmacology
Nutrition

20. Licensed Practical Nurses (cont’d)
Professional Certification
Licensure required _________________________
Requires:
Graduation from state-approved program
Passing the __________________________

21. Licensed Practical Nurses (cont’d)
Work Responsibilities
_________________________________
Basic nursing care
Collect lab samples
Perform routine tests
__________________________________________________
Monitoring
Cleaning medical equipment

22. Licensed Practical Nurses (cont’d)
Personal Characteristics
Empathetic
___________________________________
Observant
Patient
Able to follow orders & work under supervision

23. Licensed Practical Nurses (cont’d)
Employment Opportunities and Trends
Growing occupation: ___________ between 2008 & 2018
Best opportunities in:
_________________________________________
Nursing care facilities

24. Licensed Practical Nurses (cont’d)
Professional Organization
NAPNES
Founded by ______________________
Develops practice & education standards for LPNs
Represents LPNs in national meetings
________________________________________________
Governed completely by LPNs
Promotes high standards of education & practice
Monitors legislation
Represents LPNs before Congress

25. Certified Nursing Assistants
Overview
Perform simple, basic nursing functions
______________________________________________
Are under direction of LPN or RN

26. Certified Nursing Assistants (cont’d)
History of the Profession
Delegation of nursing tasks to auxiliary personnel ____________
________________________________________________
Assistants began working in long-term care facilities & hospitals
1980s: U.S. Institute of Medicine recommended _________________________
1987: Law passed requiring all states to set up training programs

27. Certified Nursing Assistants (cont’d)
Education
Required for certification:
Completion of state-approved training program
________________________________________
Training programs
Minimum of ______________________
Available at vocational schools, _______________________, Red cross, health care facilities
Recertification requires at least ______________________
_____________________each year

28. Certified Nursing Assistants (cont’d)
Course Work
Anatomy & physiology
Bathing, dressing, & other personal care skills
_____________________
Safety & emergency procedures
Documentation skills
_____________________
Patient room upkeep
Patient/resident rights

29. Certified Nursing Assistants (cont’d)
Work Responsibilities
Hands-on, personal patient care
Assist with personal hygiene
____________________________________
Help patients eat & dress
Transport patients
Take vital signs

30. Certified Nursing Assistants (cont’d)
Personal Characteristics
Empathy
____________________________
Emotional strength
Cooperation
Professionalism

31. Certified Nursing Assistants (cont’d)
Employment Opportunities and Trends
Part of a category called nursing aides, orderlies, & attendants
______________ growth between 2008 & 2018
Growth is due to:
____________________________& need for long-term care
Early discharges of patients from hospitals
Life-extending ________________________

32. Certified Nursing Assistants (cont’d)
Professional Organization
National Association of Health Care Assistants
Provides __________________________& mentoring programs
Advocates on issues related to caregivers & long-term care
_____________________________________
Educational opportunities
A news magazine
A national convention
A national awards program