1. Review Water is __________________
Attractive force between particles of the same kind. ____________________
Attractive force between unlike substances. _______________________
In a mixture of water and cool-aid which would be the solute and which would be the solvent?

2. What are the structures and functions of the four macromolecules?

3. Organic Chemistry = carbon chemistry Macromolecules are carbon based!
Organic vs. Inorganic
Organic Chemistry = carbon chemistry
Macromolecules are carbon based!

4. Monomers are the building blocks of macromolecules.
Polymers are molecules made from repeating units of monomers.

5. Carbohydrates
Chemical composition: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
C6H12O6
Often written as (CH2O)n; where n is the number of carbon atoms.
Is C24H48O24 a carbohydrate?

6. Carbohydrates are made of monomers called monosaccharides.

7. Two monosaccharides= disaccharide

8. Many Monosaccharides= polysaccharide
Glucose is a monosaccharide and plants store it in long complex chains called starch.

9. Cellulose provides structural support

10. Form of energy storage in our muscles and liver.

11. Carbohydrates function in living things
Main source of energy in all living things.

12. Remember
What is the chemical composition of carbohydrates and what is the ratio?
Give an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide

13. Lipids Made primarily of the elements carbon and hydrogen.
Lipids are composed of glycerol, fatty acids, and other components.
The primary function of lipids is to store energy.

15. Lipids: 3 Classes

16. Triglycerides
Unsaturated lipids have at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the tails.
Saturated lipids have only single bonds between the carbon atoms in the tail.
Fats- solid at room temperature and oils-liquid at room temperature

18. Phospholipids Phosphate head with two fatty acid tails
Responsible for the structure and function of the cell membrane

19. Steroids
Include substances like cholesterol and hormones.

20. Proteins Made of the monomer amino acids.
Amino Acids are made of C, H, O, and N
All amino acids have the same general structure

21. Peptide Bond

22. Proteins
R-group in amino acids determine the structure of the protein.
Primary- # of a.a. and their order
Secondary- amino acids fold together and form helixes and pleats
Tertiary – helixes and pleats bind together
Quartiary- subunits bind together

23. Why proteins are important?
Your skin, muscles, and hair are made mostly of proteins.
Enzymes are proteins.
Structural support of cells
Cell communication
Cell growth

24. Nucleic Acids Store and transmit hereditary information.
The monomers of Nucleic Acids are nucleotides.
Contains the 5 elements- Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrogen, and oxygen

25. Nucleotides are composed of. . .

26. Two types of nucleic acids found in living organisms: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

28. Draw a picture of the monomer for nucleic acids.
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
What 3 elements compose carbohydrates?
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
What are the three classes of lipids we talked about?

29. Complex Carbohydrates
Macromolecules Lab
Macromolecules
Solution or Indicator
Starting Color
Positive Test
Simple Sugars
(glucose)
Benedict’s Soln.
Blue
Green, yellow, orange, red
Complex Carbohydrates
(starch)
Lugol’s Iodine
Brown
Purple/ black
Protein
Biuret’s Soln.
lavendar
Lipids/ Fats
Sudan III Or
Brown paper bag
Black
Red
Grease spots
Nucleic Acids
No test!- if it is living it has nucleic acids.
If it is living it has nucleic acids.