1. TERM
DEFINITION
1. Industrialization
A. Law that removed Native Americans from their land and forced them onto reservation.
2. Urbanization
B. Rapid growth of cities.
3. Tenements
C. Transformation from farming to manufacturing; factories.
4. Bessemer Process
D. Major cause of industrialization, produced stronger and cheaper steel.
5. Dawes Act
E. Poor and dangerous apartments often found in cities in the late 1800s/early 1900s.

2. Robber Barons vs. Captains of Industry
Big business
Robber Barons vs. Captains of Industry

3. Rise of big business
Laissez-faire – no government involvement in business
Social Darwinism – the rich were “superior” and the poor were “inferior”
Monopolies/Trusts – one company controls an entire industry.

4. Captains of industry Carnegie – steel Rockefeller – oil
JP Morgan – banking
Vanderbilt – rail roads
Business leaders increased the country’s wealth.
Gave money to charities
Carnegie – The Gospel of Wealth

5. Robber barons
Treated workers poorly – low pay, long hours, dangerous conditions.
Child labor
No insurance, vacation, breaks, or other benefits.
*In 1899, the average working man made $498; Carnegie made $23 million and paid no income tax*

6. Case study – triangle square fire
Garment factory (clothing) in NYC.
Owners would not pay for safety regulations.
Fire broke out and resulted in the deaths of 146 workers.

10. The Captains of Industry led the nation during the late 1800s and made millions of dollars while improving society. Why did some call this group, “Robber Barons?”
Workers faced dangerous working conditions.
There was a large gap in wealth between the Captains of Industry and the average worker.
Child labor was common.
All of the above.

11. During the late 1800s and 1900s, US Steel – owned by Andrew Carnegie – was considered what kind of company?
Tech start up
Monopoly
Sole proprietorship
Non-profit