1. Active Transport

2. Active Transport Requires energy
in the form of ATP (useful cellular energy)
movement against the concentration gradient

3. 2 methods of Active Transport
Pumps
Change in the cell membrane

4. Active Transport Pumps:
Requires a protein channel called a “pump”
Requires ATP
Movement from low concentration to high concentration
moving up the hill hi concentration
low concentration
Works in the opposite direction of facilitated diffusion.

5. Active transport pump
Energy (by way of ATP) forces materials through a protein in the membrane against concentration gradient.

6. Why Pump?
Nerve cells need a difference in ions (charge) on either side of the membrane so they can fire.

7. Change in cell membrane (2nd type of active transport process)
Endocytosis
Takes in (engulfs) large material
Cell membrane moves in until it encapsulates material, becoming a vesicle.

8. Endocytosis: (IN)
Two types:
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

9. Phagocytosis: “Cell Eating”
Pseudopods engulf material with extensions of the cell membrane.
Ex. White blood cell taking in foreign material for destruction.

10. Phagocytosis:

11. Pinocytosis: “Cell Drinking”
Membrane wraps around a big drop of solution (solute & solvent) and pulls it in.

12. Pinocytosis:

13. Change in cell membrane (2nd type of active transport process)
Endocytosis
Takes in (engulfs) large material
Cell membrane moves in until it encapsulates material, becoming a vesicle.
Exocytosis
Vesicle that gets rid of large material

14. Exocytosis: (OUT)
Vesicle fuses with cell membrane, releasing contents to outside of cell.
ex. Waste
ex. Digestive enzymes

15. Exocytosis: (OUT) RNA Rough ER Golgi apparatus Protein in vesicle
Plasma membrane

16. Figure 7.14 The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 1)

17. Figure 7.14 The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 2)

18. Figure 7.14 The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 3)