2. Structure of the Cell or Plasma Membrane

3. The cell membrane is like a mosaic of many parts

4. Structure of the Cell or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is like a mosaic of many parts It is made of a layer of studded with.

5. Structure of the Cell or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is like a mosaic of many parts It is made of a double (bi-) layer of studded with.

6. Structure of the Cell or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is like a mosaic of many parts It is made of a double (bi-) layer of phospholipids studded with.

7. Structure of the Cell or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is like a mosaic of many parts It is made of a double (bi-) layer of phospholipids studded with proteins.

8. Structure of the Cell or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is like a mosaic of many parts It is made of a double (bi-) layer of phospholipids studded with proteins. Why are membranes made of two layers of phospholipids?

9. Structure of the Cell or Plasma Membrane The cell membrane is like a mosaic of many parts It is made of a double (bi-) layer of phospholipids studded with proteins. Why are membranes made of two layers of phospholipids? The two layers create a strong but flexible layer protecting the cell. The fatty inside of the membrane prevents many substances from entering or leaving the cell uncontrollably.

11. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane The plasma membrane is selectively permeable meaning that

12. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane The plasma membrane is selectively permeable meaning that only some things can go through.

13. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane The plasma membrane is selectively permeable meaning that only some things can go through. Called a fluid mosaic model because it has many different parts to allow molecules through

14. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane The plasma membrane is selectively permeable meaning that only some things can go through. Called a fluid mosaic model because it has many different parts to allow molecules through A substance’s ability to pass through the membrane depends on its and.

15. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane The plasma membrane is selectively permeable meaning that only some things can go through. Called a fluid mosaic model because it has many different parts to allow molecules through A substance’s ability to pass through the membrane depends on its size and.

16. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane The plasma membrane is selectively permeable meaning that only some things can go through. Called a fluid mosaic model because it has many different parts to allow molecules through A substance’s ability to pass through the membrane depends on its size and charge.

17. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane Nonpolar molecules Small polar molecules Large polar molecules Ions O2 H20 C6H12O6 H+, Na+, Cl-

18. Movement of Molecules Concentration:

19. Movement of Molecules Concentration: The mass of a solute in a given volume of solutions (mass/volume)

20. Movement of Molecules Concentration: The mass of a solute in a given volume of solutions (mass/volume) Substances moves so that can be reached or when the concentration is the same across a space.

21. Movement of Molecules Concentration: The mass of a solute in a given volume of solutions (mass/volume) Substances moves so that equilibrium can be reached or when the concentration is the same across a space.

22. Movement of Molecules Concentration: The mass of a solute in a given volume of solutions (mass/volume) Substances moves so that equilibrium can be reached or when the concentration is the same across a space. Concentration gradient:

23. Movement of Molecules Concentration: The mass of a solute in a given volume of solutions (mass/volume) Substances moves so that equilibrium can be reached or when the concentration is the same across a space. Concentration gradient: the difference in concentration on one side of a barrier and another

24. Movement of Molecules A substance tends to move WITH or DOWN its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is to an area where its concentration is, until equilibrium is achieved.

25. Movement of Molecules A substance tends to move WITH or DOWN its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is high to an area where its concentration is, until equilibrium is achieved.

26. Movement of Molecules A substance tends to move WITH or DOWN its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is high to an area where its concentration is low, until equilibrium is achieved.

27. Movement of Molecules A substance tends to move WITH or DOWN its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is high to an area where its concentration is low, until equilibrium is achieved.

28. Movement of Molecules A substance tends to move WITH or DOWN its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is high to an area where its concentration is low, until equilibrium is achieved.

29. Movement of Molecules A substance reluctantly moves AGAINST its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is ___ to an area where its concentration is.

30. Movement of Molecules A substance reluctantly moves AGAINST its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is high to an area where its concentration is.

31. Movement of Molecules A substance reluctantly moves AGAINST its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area where its concentration is low to an area where its concentration is high.

32. Movement of Molecules When substances move against their concentration gradients, equilibrium will NOT be reached. Substances don’t like moving that way. To coax them into moving, energy has to be used.

33. Review some terms: Solute:

34. Review some terms: Solute: a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

35. Review some terms: Solute: a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution Solvent:

36. Review some terms: Solute: a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution Solvent: substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

37. Words to compare the concentrations of SOLUTES in two areas: Hypertonic:

38. Words to compare the concentrations of SOLUTES in two areas: Hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

39. Words to compare the concentrations of SOLUTES in two areas: Hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes Hypotonic:

40. Words to compare the concentrations of SOLUTES in two areas: Hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes Hypotonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

41. Words to compare the concentrations of SOLUTES in two areas: Hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes Hypotonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes Isotonic:

42. Words to compare the concentrations of SOLUTES in two areas: Hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes Hypotonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes Isotonic: when the concentration of two solutions is the same

43. Does not require energy

44. Diffusion or Passive Transport Movement of materials from high concentrations ( solutions) to low concentrations ( solutions)

45. Diffusion or Passive Transport Movement of materials from high concentrations (hypertonic solutions) to low concentrations ( solutions)

46. Diffusion or Passive Transport Movement of materials from high concentrations (hypertonic solutions) to low concentrations (hypotonic solutions)

47. Diffusion or Passive Transport

48. What types of molecules can passively diffuse through the membrane and why?

49. Diffusion or Passive Transport What types of molecules can passively diffuse through the membrane and why? Nonpolar molecules and small polar molecules; small molecules can pass through small spaces; nonpolar molecules are not repelled and so can easily pass through.

50. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of substances across a membrane through.

51. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of substances across a membrane through protein channels.

52. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of substances across a membrane through protein channels. To facilitate means to so these molecules get help crossing the membrane through proteins.

53. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of substances across a membrane through protein channels. To facilitate means to help so these molecules get help crossing the membrane through proteins.

54. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of substances across a membrane through protein channels. To facilitate means to help so these molecules get help crossing the membrane through proteins. Protein channels can be open all of the time or gated, meaning some sort of stimulus is need to open the channel in the protein.

55. Facilitated Diffusion What types of molecules diffuse through protein channels and why?

56. Facilitated Diffusion What types of molecules diffuse through protein channels and why? Specific substances that fit the specific shape of a protein (like glucose). They need help because they are too big to pass through the membrane otherwise.

57. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane

58. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of water concentrations to water concentrations

59. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations

60. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations Hypertonic solutions (high solute concentration) have concentrations of water.

61. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations Hypertonic solutions (high solute concentration) have low concentrations of water.

62. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations Hypertonic solutions (high solute concentration) have low concentrations of water. Hypotonic solutions (low solute concentrations) have concentrations of water.

63. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations Hypertonic solutions (high solute concentration) have low concentrations of water. Hypotonic solutions (low solute concentrations) have high concentrations of water.

64. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations Hypertonic solutions (high solute concentration) have low concentrations of water. Hypotonic solutions (low solute concentrations) have high concentrations of water. So water moves from solutions to solutions

65. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations Hypertonic solutions (high solute concentration) have low concentrations of water. Hypotonic solutions (low solute concentrations) have high concentrations of water. So water moves from hypotonic solutions to solutions

66. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a membrane Water moves from an area of high water concentrations to low water concentrations Hypertonic solutions (high solute concentration) have low concentrations of water. Hypotonic solutions (low solute concentrations) have high concentrations of water. So water moves from hypotonic solutions to hypertonic solutions

67. Osmosis = solute molecule = water molecule

68. Osmosis in Animal and Plant Cells

69. Requires energy

70. Active Transport Movement of materials from low concentrations ( solutions) to high concentrations ( solutions).

71. Active Transport Movement of materials from low concentrations (hypotonic solutions) to high concentrations ( solutions).

72. Active Transport Movement of materials from low concentrations (hypotonic solutions) to high concentrations (hypertonic solutions).

73. Active Transport Movement of materials from low concentrations (hypotonic solutions) to high concentrations (hypertonic solutions). Small molecules must pass through a protein pump to enter the cell.

74. Active Transport Movement of materials from low concentrations (hypotonic solutions) to high concentrations (hypertonic solutions). Small molecules must pass through a protein pump to enter the cell. This process requires energy, often in the form of

75. Active Transport Movement of materials from low concentrations (hypotonic solutions) to high concentrations (hypertonic solutions). Small molecules must pass through a protein pump to enter the cell. This process requires energy, often in the form of ATP

76. Active Transport

77. Bulk Transport Movement of large molecules or large groups of molecules into or out of cells through vesicles. Moves molecules from low concentrations to high concentrations

78. Bulk Transport Endocytosis:

79. Bulk Transport Endocytosis: the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane

80. Bulk Transport Endocytosis: the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane Phagocytosis:

81. Bulk Transport Endocytosis: the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane Phagocytosis: “cell eating;” when the cell takes in solids

82. Bulk Transport Endocytosis: the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane Phagocytosis: “cell eating;” when the cell takes in solids Pinocytosis:

83. Bulk Transport Endocytosis: the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane Phagocytosis: “cell eating;” when the cell takes in solids Pinocytosis: “cell drinking;” when the cell takes in liquids

84. Bulk Transport

85. Exocytosis:

86. Bulk Transport Exocytosis: the process of releasing material from the cell; membrane vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell

87. Bulk Transport Exocytosis: the process of releasing material from the cell; membrane vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell