1. Opening:
PHONES AWAY
HOMEWORK IN BIN
Perform the Opening Activator/Sponge Activity

2. Vocabulary:
Handouts Given Weekly.
Word Bank Available on Blog Weekly.
This Week’s Vocab Quiz: Monday, Jan 23rd
Vocab Work Due On Day of Quiz

3. LQ: How does historical context affect a work?
What Am I Going to Do Today:
1)Notes on Crucible
2)Begin Act 1
What will I do to Show My Learning:
Quick Quiz, Questions from Act 1

4. Terms of the Day:
Theme
Theocracy
Puritan
Red Scare
Hysteria
Dramatic Irony
Situational Irony
Verbal Irony

5. The Crucible
Part I: Overview

6. Part I: Overview American play Written in the 1950s
Playwright: Arthur Miller
Focuses on residents of Salem, Massachusetts
Issues: greed, guilt, motivation, morality
We will focus on each of these bullets as we go through the slideshow

7. The Appeals of Communism
America’s Great Depression left people upset about the American government
Everyone deserves basics (food, clothing)
Communism offers that promise
1939: 50,000 Americans were members of the Communist party.

8. America vs. The Soviet Union
America was emerging as a world power, but:
The Soviet Union was its main competition
And:
The Soviet Union was Communist
America and The Soviet Union competed against each other for world power in:
Space travel
Nuclear weapon development
In effect, government style

9. Communism came to be seen as “evil”
1950: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg arrested
Charged with supplying atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union developed the atomic bomb (from the secrets provided)
Communism became the opposite of everything America represented!

10. Fabulous 50s? Segregation in the South…
Women had been forced to leave the workforce when men returned from WWII, and many weren’t happy just being housewives.
Young people didn’t agree with their parents’ views on sex, fun, cars, everything.

11. Enter: Joseph McCarthy and the HUAC

12. HUAC HUAC: House Committee of Un-American Activities
This committee questioned Americans who were suspected of being Communists
They summoned thousands of people to testify
Goal: to get as many names of “Communists” as possible

13. Who Was Suspected of Being a Communist?
Filmmakers, directors, actors were accused of attending communist meetings
Certain politicians were also targeted.

14. Options These people had two options:
Admit to being a Communist and tell McCarthy names of other people who attended Communist meetings OR
Refuse to admit anything (or rat out others) and be blacklisted as a Communist.
Can’t get work if blacklisted!

15. The Effects of Hysteria:

16. Hysteria Unreasonable Fear Based on Emotion Rather than Fact.
Mass Hysteria- Group of people reacting in unreasonable way to an imagined fear.

17. Arthur Miller was a writer…
He remembered a story he had heard and started doing research…

18. Overview: Salem, Massachusetts
Located on the coast of Massachusetts
Settled mainly by Puritans in 1626
A group of people who left England so they could practice religious freedom
Often let their religious beliefs guide their daily lives
Most known for the Salem Witch Trials of 1692
Nickname: “The Witch City”
Witch museums, etc. as tourism industry

19. Puritans arriving in Massachusetts

20. Puritans
Fun is sketchy. Maybe sinful. Your job in life is to know God and be “right” with God. How do you know? Success! If you don’t succeed, maybe you are not right with God.

21. If you Succeed in life.. You MUST be right with God.
What if you do not?
Must have displeased God!
But you are a good Puritan? So whose fault is it?
SATAN!
People who Work with Satan! Witches!

22. Theocracy Government BY a religion or religious group.
Puritans believed in everyone’s freedom to be a Puritan. NOT freedom of religion.
The state was RUN by the church. The Church IS the government.
Not attending Church or being a good enough Puritan could land you in jail.

23. Puritan “Plain” Style Metaphors without fancy adjectives.
Simple subjects: Love, God, etc.
Remember: Puritans-Obsessed with God, right behavior, salvation.

24. Salem Witch Trials
Occurred from June through September of 1692 in Salem
Puritan group of people was involved
Townspeople were in a state of hysteria about witches/evil
Look at your notes from yesterday to remind yourself what a Puritan is.

25. The Facts Young girl named Betty Parris became ill
Fever, extreme pain, running around the house
More children in Salem became ill
Ann Putnam, Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott
Doctors were called in to find the reason for this sickness

26. But…
Doctors couldn’t explain illness, so they defaulted to “witchcraft”
Townspeople were easily convinced
A servant in town was suspected of witchcraft
Townspeople decided to arrest the servant, Tituba, and an older woman for witchcraft

27. The accused had two options..
Confess to being a witch, be forgiven, and give the Judge names of other witches. OR
Refuse to admit anything (or rat out others) and be hanged as a witch.

28. The Casualties
Nineteen men and women were put to death for witchcraft.
One man, Giles Corey, was also pressed to death.

29. Why did this happen? People were suspicious/fearful
A book about witchcraft had just been published by Cotton Mather
People were at war with Native Americans
Death/evil were on the mind of many (because of fighting and disease)
Puritan culture easily accepted the devil as the source of evil/wrong in life
Students respond to the question on their guided notes: What is the benefit of blaming something/someone like the devil (or even God)? What is the problem with this?

30. Other Explanations Teenagers in town were bored and got carried away
Dancing, flirting, etc. not allowed at all!
All of the accusers were teenage girls
Some of the accusers were jealous people
An easy way to get rid of people they didn’t like!
General sense of depression in town
Not a lot of wealth/happiness/freedom
Respond to question: Which of these explanations is the most believable to you? Why?

31. Arthur Miller was stunned.
This was JUST LIKE HIS REAL LIFE.
Witch = Communist.
Fear of Communist=Fear of Witches.
People behind it are jealous/want power=People behind it want power/are jealous.
Hysteria=Hysteria
People were unhappy/repressed=People were unhappy/repressed.

32. “The Crucible” and Communism
Allegory: work of literature that tells one story on the surface while referring to another sub textually
Comparing the play to the Red Scare
Can you see how these historical events are similar to those of the Salem Witch Trials?

33. As you read.. Look for ways that people jump to conclusions..
Look for ways that “witch” stands in for other issues..
Look for hysteria, greed, lust, fear and imagine this is happening in the present...because it just did…

34. Irony
3 Basic Types:
Dramatic: Audience knows something the characters do not.
Verbal: A character’s words do not match reality or mean the opposite of what is said.
Situational: The situation which occurs is different from what is expected.
Create a chart for Irony.

35. Name That Example:
1) In The Crucible, a character says “I have no power!,” responding to an accusation of the power of witchcraft. But she DOES have power, the power to stop the trial by telling the truth.
Which type of irony is this?

36. Name That Example?
2) In Richard III by Shakespeare, Richard tells the audience that he is a villain, wishes to ruin his family and take control of the country. In the next few scenes Richard’s family members thank Richard for being such a loyal and loving relative.
Which type of irony is this?

37. Name That Example:
3)In “The Importance of Being Earnest,” Jack tells Gwen that his name is “Earnest” because she says she has always wanted to love a man named Earnest. At the end of the play he finds out that he was adopted as a baby and that his birth name really is Earnest.
Which type of irony is this?

38. Quick Quiz: 1)List the three types of irony and their defintions.
2) What was the Red Scare/McCarthyism?
3)How did Arthur Miller see parallels between the Puritans and his own life?

39. Take a Role:
Write Your Name Next to the Role You Want

40. Red Yellow Green
I understand how the Red Scare and Macarthyism affected Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. I also understand the three types of irony.

41. Part III: Historical Context
The Crucible
Part III: Historical Context