1. CHAPTER 19 SECTION 4
COLD WAR AT HOME

2. COLD WAR FEARS Created CIA—Central Intelligence Agency
Gather strategic military and political information overseas

3. ANOTHER RED SCARE Truman accused of allowing communists in government
Establishes Loyalty Review Board in 1947
1951 more than 20,000 federal workers interviewed
2,000 resigned
300 fired as “security risks”

4. RED SCARE CONTINUED House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Established in 1938 to investigate fascists
HUAC responded to charges that Hollywood was full of communists and sympathizers
Hollywood Ten– went to jail rather than answer questions– they were blacklisted
FBI investigated any group against HUAC

5. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
Convicted of providing Soviets with atomic energy secrets during WWII
Both executed in June 1953

6. SEARCH FOR SPIES Internal Security Act passed in 1950
Required Communist Party members to register with federal government
Placed strict controls on immigration

7. “McCARTHYISM”
As Korean War intensified, fear of communists intensified
Joseph McCarthy
Senator from Wisconsin
Fueled suspicions that spies and sympathizers were everywhere

8. RISE OF McCARTHY
1950 Claimed he had list of known communists working at State Department
Never produced list!!
Waged war against alleged sympathizers in federal government

9. NUCLEAR ANXIETY
Cold War anxieties forced the U.S. and USSR to develop more powerful weapons
1950 U.S. began working on hydrogen bomb (H- Bomb)
1000 times more powerful than Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Tested H-Bomb on a small pacific Island in 1952 – destroyed it
9 months later Soviets tested their own H-Bomb

10. Hiroshima, 15 kt

11. Nagasaki, 20 kt

12. Cuban Missile Crisis, 2.42 Mt

13. “Ivy Mike” 10.4 Mt

14. “Ivy Mike”

15. “Tsar Bomba” 50 Mt

17. RELIGION AND NUCLEAR WAR
Many Americans turned to religion to calm their fears of war
Congress adds phrase “One Nation, Under God” to Pledge of Allegiance and “In God We Trust” to U.S. Coins

18. CALMING PUBLIC FEARS 1951 Federal Civil Defense Administration formed
Began educating public on what to do in case of nuclear attack
Conducted “Duck and Cover Drills” in schools

20. NUCLEAR FALLOUT Radioactive fallout
By-product of nuclear explosions
Crew of Japanese fishing boat 85 miles away developed radiation sickness

21. FALLOUT SHELTERS Some Americans began digging fallout shelters
Companies sold concrete and steel igloos for $1500

22. CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS
1957 Hearings on dangers of fallout
Defense officials claimed testing was safe
Radiation released presented danger to environment and increased risk of cancer in humans

23. SPACE PROGRAMS Sputnik Sputnik II Explorer I
Soviet satellite weighing 200 pounds launched into orbit in October 1957
Sputnik II
Launched in November
Had a dog aboard (Laika)
Lasted 200 days
Explorer I
January 1958– U.S. satellite

24. U.S. RESPONSE TO SPUTNIK
Eisenhower creates NASA “National Aeronautic and Space Administration” in 1958
1958 Congress passes National Defense Education Act
Provided millions to improve science, mathematics and foreign language education

25. LAIKA
YURI GAGARIN
JOHN GLENN

27. Lunar Landing July 20, 1969 – Apollo 11 Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong
“One small step for man…one giant leap for mankind.”