1. Developing Zygote
Seeds, Eggs, Embryos

2. Developing Zygote
When a sperm and egg fuse, a single-celled zygote is formed,
the zygote divides and develops into an embryo
Embryos are protected when they develop inside
seeds,
eggs,
mother

3. Seeds A seed is a fertilized ripened ovule of a flowering plant
Three basic parts of a seed are the embryo, stored nutrients, and a seed coat.
Stored nutrients are in the form of either sugar or starch
Most of the world’s food comes from seeds of three plants: corn, rice, wheat.
The nutrients supply energy for the embryo to develop until it can produce its own food by photosynthesis.

4. Cotyledons Plants can be divided in to groups:
Monocotyledons produce one seed leaf (cotyledon) Eg. corn
Dicotyledons produce two cotyledons. Eg beans
When conditions are right ( warmth, water, sun) a seed can germinate (start to grow), and will use the food in the cotyledons

5. Anatomy of a Seed Seed coat provides protection
Stored Nutrients: endosperm in monocots, cotyledon in dicots.
Embryo:
Radicle - develops into roots
epicotyl - becomes the stem and leaves
hypocotyl - pushes up through the soil and protects the epicotyl in beans.
cotyledon
Cotyledons get smaller as the embryo grow and food is used up. Once first leaves develop, the cotyledons drop off.
In monocots, cotyledon is important in food absorption,
whereas endosperm serves as a food storage tissue.
Usually, in mature seeds of dicots, cotyledon is present while endosperm is absent. 

6. Anatomy of a seed

7. Monocotyledons
Eg. corn

9. Seed Germination video
5 min

10. Eggs Eggs contain the zygote, some nutrients,
protection (shell, jelly-like substance, or egg case).
An egg case may contain many eggs eg. Tape worm egg case

11. Amniotic Egg
Amniotic Eggs are those that contain a single embryo surrounded by a shell. Eg birds and reptiles
Amnion- a fluid-filled sac, cushions the embryo
Yolk sac stores food for the embryo
Allantois holds waste produced by the embryo
Chorion (along with allantois) controls the movement of gases and wastes in and out of egg.
Albumen also cushions embryo and supplies additional nutrients
Chorion – outermost membrane

14. Mammals
Characterists

15. Three types of Mammals Three different ways animals give birth:

16. Monotremes Mammals that lay eggs.
duck billed platypus, spiny anteaters
meaning "one hole“ - named so because of the presence of single cloacal opening in their bodies that serves as a passage for eggs or sperms, feces and urine.
but nurse their young with milk

17. How do animals protect their eggs/developing embryos?
bury their eggs (sea turtles)
Incubate them in a nest (birds)
Incubate them inside their bodies (all mammals except monotremes)

18. Embryos that develop in the Mother: Marsupials
Embryos of all mammals except duckbill platypus and spiny anteaters, develop inside the mother.
Embryos of Marsupials (kangaroos, koalas, and opossums) are only partially developed when born and finish developing in their mother’s pouch.
Embryos of marsupials must crawl from birth canal to nipple in a pouch.

19. Embryos that develop in the Mother: Placental Mammals
Embryos of placental mammals (humans, dogs, whales) develop inside the mother longer, inside a placenta that is connected to mother.
The fetus is attached to the placenta via an umbilical cord, which carries wastes out of fetus and nutrients in.
Embryos of marsupials must crawl from birth canal to nipple in a pouch.

21. Sex Determination – more complicated than you thought
Ted Ed video
than-you-thought

22. Label the parts of the seeds

23. Reproductive Technologies in Agriculture
3.5
VOCABULARY
selective breeding
artificial insemination
in vitro fertilization
recombinant DNA technology
genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Selective breeding is used to produce desirable traits in plants and animals.
Vegetative reproduction techniques are used to produce more plants faster.
Artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization are used in the breeding of many domestic animals.
Fish hatcheries increase the number of fertilized eggs.
Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce some drugs for humans.
Some genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may have desirable traits, but since they contain DNA from other organisms, their existence raises moral and ethical concerns.