1. Section 2: New England Colonies

2. English Protestantism
Most Protestants in England were Anglican – belonging to the Church of England
Some dissented, disagreeing with the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Church. They didn’t think it was “Protestant enough”; they wanted it to be more Calvinist.
These Protestants fell into two groups:
1) Puritans – wanted to purify the Church of England from within
2) Pilgrims – also known as Separatists – wanted to separate from the Church of England

3. Pilgrims and Puritans

4. Plymouth Colony
Separatists who had fled persecution (harsh treatment) in England went to the Netherlands (which were primarily Calvinist)
But…
They had trouble finding work
They were worried their children would lose their religious values and English way of life

5. The Mayflower
Separatists in the Netherlands made a deal with the Virginia Company
Settle in Virginia w/ freedom of religion
Give the company a share of their profits
Called themselves pilgrims (pilgrim means someone on a journey with a religious purpose)

6. Strangers
Most Mayflower passengers (67/102) were “strangers” or non-Pilgrims
Servants, craftspeople, poor farmers

7. Detour
The Pilgrims first spotted Cape Cod in November, winter approaching so they stayed there
Led by William Bradford
Outside jurisdiction of Virginia Company, so they made their own government

8. Mayflower Compact
1520 – formal document providing law and order to the Plymouth Colony
Pledged loyalty to England and declared their intention to form a government

9. A Frozen Winter
Almost half of the Pilgrims died from malnutrition, disease, and cold

10. Squanto and Samoset

11. Pawtuxet Squanto and Samoset were from the Pawtuxet tribe
They assisted with the Pilgrims making a treaty (1621) with Massasoit of the Wampanoags
– Pilgrims

12. King Charles I Reigned 1625-1649
Opposed Puritan calls for reform in Anglican Church
Persecuted Puritans
Married a Catholic woman
Executed in1649 during English Civil War ( )

13. Massachusetts Bay Company
1629, Puritans form new company – Massachusetts Bay
Receive royal charter to establish colony north of Plymouth
Wanted Bible-based society
Colonial governor – John Winthrop

14. City Upon a Hill

15. Massachusetts Bay Colony

16. Great Migration
1630s, more than 15,000 Puritans moved to Massachusetts Bay Colony, avoiding persecution in England
First, Winthrop and assistants chosen by General Court (stockholders in the company), and they made the laws
Second, General Court became elected assembly - adult male church members could vote for governor and representatives for Court
Property requirement for voting added later

17. Toleration Toleration = acceptance of different beliefs
Puritans were NOT tolerant
Pilgrims were NOT tolerant
Both groups wanted toleration of their own beliefs, not those of others
Persecuted those of other faiths
– Puritan Faith

18. Homework
Fill in and label maps of New England colonies.

19. Prayer to Saint Michael
Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.

20. Homework
p. 80, Chapter 3, Section 2 Assessment

21. Prayer to Saint Michael
Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.

22. Section 2 Assessment
1) Write a short paragraph in which you use the following terms: dissent, persecute, Puritan, Separatist, Pilgrim, Mayflower Compact, toleration - Answers vary 2) Identify the reasons why the Separatists left Europe for the Americas. - The Separatists had difficulty finding work in the Netherlands, and they were concerned that their children would not follow the English way of life 3) What freedom did Rhode Island offer that other colonies did not? - Religious freedom

23. The colonists interact with the Native Americans
Section 2 Assessment
4) What did the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut have in common? - Both documents provided for the organization of a government 5) Re-create the diagram below and describe the effects as colonists interacted with Native Americans. 6) Study the map on page 77. What products came from New Hampshire? - Furs, rum, and lumber
The colonists interact with the Native Americans
Colonists survived by learning to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins
Colonists survived by learning where to hunt and fish
Colonists negotiated a treaty with the Wampanoag

24. Connecticut Better for farming than area around Boston
1636 – Minister Thomas Hooker led congregation to CT and founded town of Hartford
1639 – towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield adopted a plan of government (a constitution): Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
First written constitution in America (not the Mayflower Compact!!!)

25. Rhode Island
Minister Roger Williams forced out of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635
Opposed religious persecution & stealing Native American land
Bought land from Narraganset people and founded Providence
1644 – received charter as Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
Rhode Island first place in America with religious toleration
– Moving to the Colonies

26. Anne Hutchinson 1634 – came to Massachusetts Bay Colony with husband
Questioned religious authority of ministers
Part of Antinomian Controversy (aka Free Grace Controversy) – religious dispute in Massachusetts Bay Colony
Also claimed to experience direct divine revelation that was of same authority as the Bible
1637 – put on trial, exiled
Moved to Rhode Island

27. New Hampshire
1638, dissidents (those opposing Puritan government) followed John Wheelwright to the north
Founded Exeter in modern New Hampshire
Puritans settled in Hampton
1679 – full independence from Massachusetts

28. Thirty Years’ War 1618-1648 Started as Catholic vs. Protestants states
1555 Peace of Augsburg had decided each Holy Roman prince would choose Catholicism or Lutheranism as the religion of his subjects (cuius regio, eius religio)
Prague – Protestant mob threw Catholic governors out the window into manure
Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III tried to make all his subjects Catholic
Protestants formed a Protestant Union, Catholics formed a Catholic League
Catholic countries joined on the Catholic side, Protestant countries on the Protestant side, but Catholic France joined the Protestants to stop the Habsburgs
1648 – Peace of Westphalia
8 million dead

29. Europe 1648

30. This Land is My Land, and Only My Land…
Colonists got along with Native Americans, but at times would take land without permission

31. Pequot War ( )
Two traders killed in Pequot territory, Massachusetts Bay sent troops to retaliate
Pequot attacked a town in CT, killing nine people
Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth joined forces
Narraganset helped troops from CT attack and burn down the main Pequot fort

32. King Philip’s War ( )
Metacomet, Wampanoag chief (second son of Massasoit), known as “King Philip”
Wanted to keep settlers off Native American lands
Settlers executed three Wampanoags, Wampanoags counter-attacked over half of all colonial towns in response
Native American power in New England was destroyed

33. Homework
Study

34. Prayer to Saint Michael
Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.

35. Homework
Students will work on First Quarter Social Studies Quiz/Test Corrections

36. Prayer to Saint Michael
Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.